Time Designs

MAY/JUNE ’87

Vol. 3 No. 4
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The Editor’s Forum

‘Thanks to Tim Stoddard, I had the chance to “play”
with a 2X81 the past two months. But, this was no or-
dinary 2X. Tim generously loaned me his "souped-up" 2X81
to demo at the TS Computer Fest. This computer contained
the internal 64k RAM modification that is described in
his issue; plus attached to the rear buss, was his

Proto-type D.A.M. board (Data Acquisition Module). If
you remember (see Jan/Feb '87 and March/April '87 issues
Of TDM) the board contains an analog-to digital con-
verter, a digital-to-analog converter, anda real time

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TAG

MAY/JUNE 87
Vol. 3 No. 4

clock. With the software that Tim had written, our demo
could measure a room temperature reading from a small
Probe mounted at the top of the D.A.M. board, and dis-
Play the reading on the screen. Also, a voltage in the
range of 0 to 2.55 could be selected and typed in at the
keyboard. The selected value would be printed on the
screen and could be measured with a meter at two pins on
the D.A.M. board. Not to mention that the real-time
clock continuosly displayed the date and time. All of
this operated at the same time on just one little ‘ol
2x81.

However, the most amazing thing was that Tim's
computer didn't behave like the ZX81 I used to have. Let.
me explain. When Stephanie and I arrived at the Holiday
Inn on Priday, the day before the show, we had a chance
to set up early. I went ahead and put together the
computer demo to make sure everything was going to work
properly. Accidently, the 2X was left plugged-in over-
nite. The next morning (the day of the show) when I
discovered it, the computer was just barely warm. It
“fired up" up ok...no problems. During that day, the
guests arrived and literally crammed into the exhibit
room. With all of the computers and monitors (and warm
bodies), the room temperature soared to 85°F (until some
kind soul fixed the air conditioner). The 2X81 never
once overheated or crashed it's program during the
entire Fest! Something could be said of Tim's efficient
internal 64k RAM design and the Proper heat-sinking he
used.

Along with the RAM upgrade article, we have news
and photographs from the 1987 Midwest TS Computer Fest.
Attending the Fest has made this issue come out a bit
jate. For this I apologize...but we should be back on
track next issue. Also, a few of our features have been
Postponed until the next issue. For example Paul Bingham
was to have the second installment of his CLASSY FRONT
END series published in this issue. But I gave Paul some
time off for a very good reason--he had a new addition
to his family. A new son, Spencer Christian Bingham, was
born on April 21st. Congratulations to a Proud Dad and
Mom. We'll see Paul back again next issue.

In closing, I might add that if there is ‘something
special you would like to see printed in an upcoming

issue (perhaps an article or program for your computer
in an area of special interest), just drop me a short
note, and I'll see what I can do. Until then, "Happy
Computing" and “don't give up on the chip!"

Sincerely,

Tim Woods

Managing Editor
‘Time Designs Magazine Co.

Editor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Edltorlal Assistant/Production: 0... Woods

BEIEA}

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TS206S DISK DRIVE systems

Dear Tim,

T have several questions/conments which may be of
interest to other readers of TIME DESIGNS. I don't
think I've seen any comprehensive article on the
various disk systems that are available for the ‘Timex
Sinclair 2068, I have seen isolated advertisers's ref-
erences and offerings on several of these, but I don't
really know which way to jump to get the best deal of
these for my purposes.

have the Russell Speech Synthesizer for the
2x81. I've seen no reference on adaptation of this to
the TS2068. I also have the TREE System FORTH ROM for
the 2X61: I've seen no adaptation or anything similar
for the 7S2068.

Tam still enjoying your magazine, as the best
and now almost only source of Sinclair/Timex info and
news.

Sincerely,
louis G. Dooley
Ocala, FL

Editon: Good questions. I'LL tackte them in reverse
onder. First, the best source of FORTH Language in-
formation for Sénctacn computers in the U.S., is to
contact Gary Ganger of the Dayton (Ohio) Microcomputer
Association. He 4s the founder of the FORTH Interest
Group (FIG), a sub-group of DMA. Gary is very fanitian
with versions of the Language for the 2X81/2068 and
Spectrum, and £8 wilting to heep. You can contact hin
by writing to: $12 Hedaich St., New Cartiste, Ohio,
45344. As for your second question, I'm gure’ it is
possible, but haven't seen on heard of anyone adapting
4t to the TS2068. Have you tried contacting Russert
Electronics? Perhaps one of our readers have some én-
formation. Finally, the topic of disk drives. Indeed
We are quitty of not providing any major foLtow up £0
antickes we have published in the past 0f avaitable
dish drive systems gor the TS2068. 1 hope to correct
that very soon. In the meantine, here's a quick over-
view on what's out there. A total of give diggerent
Systems have been released gor the standard (non-
Spectrunized) 2068. Two of the systens axe no Longer
available (Ramex Mittenia K and Zebra's FOD-3000),
which Leaves the 2068 user with three to choose from.
They are the Aerco FD-68 (Box 18093, Austin, Texas
78760), the Larkin Disk Intergace (RR#2, Navan, Ont.,
Canada, K48-149), and the OLiger Disk Drive Interface
(11601 whédbey Dr., Cumber£and, IN 46229). If shoutd
be understood that the three models come as an én-
terface circuit card and you mist provide the drives/
case/power supply gor the drives (Aerco does offer an
optional disk drive package atong with their inter-
face). Your best bet on drives would be to pick up a
copy of COMPUTER SHOPPER, oX consult your Local TS
deater. (I know of one, RUG Enterprises, that stocks
drives). 1¢ woutd be wise to write gor ingornation and
prices on the three systems, in onder to compare
features, ete. Some of them offer "extras", such as an
RGB monitor interface, or Spectrum compatébitity, and
MMT "magic button” SAVES. Tf you have Spectrum’ emu~
Aated your 2068 and woutdn't mind a genuine Spectrum
dish drive system, you might want to check out the
new DISCIPLE Incergace (Rockgort Products, §1 Church
Road, London, England, Mud 4DP) which se£es fon 289.95
in the U.K. Atong with a disk interface, the Diseipte
also has a built-in Centronics printer interface, joy-
Stich ports, networking capabilities, and more. Quite
an impressive unit that Looks a Lot Like the Sinclair
Interface One. T think we wile be seeing more of this
one in the months £0 come. Other Spectrum dish drive
Antergaces are avactable, such as the OPUS Déscovery.
You were right by stating you want a disk drive systen
that would (it your particular needs. That's the hey
to setection...and be sure to shop akound, and (dg

sible) ask questions of other users who have such
systens,

Lay

@L NEWS FROM THE U.K.

Dear Hr. Woods,

From this side of the pond a number of QL facts
have cone to light:

1, Digital Precision is about to launch it's ov
desktop publishing package. 2. All those who paid in
advance for a "FUTURA" machine have had their money
re-funded because, though advertised months ago, it
appears not to have reached the circuit board stage.
3, The "THOR 20" complete with 68020 and an optional
68881 fp co-processor is at the circuit board stage
and expected to be seen in mid-May (time will tell).
Projected prices are £425 (without 68881) and £600
(with) for a 12.7 Miiz version. 16.7 MHz versions will
be twice this. 4. QRAM Utilities, the front end for
the FUTURA (as was/is/maybe), appears to have been
written not to work with programs compiled using the
DP Supercharge and Turbo SuperBASIC compilers due to
bad feelings between the companies. 5. A new adventure
writing system with real-time simiation surfaced re-
cently. 6. It is rumoured that the Ql's multi-tasking
QO0S operating system is not actually omed by any-
body, unsike SuperBASIC. Several companies are playing
‘safe though, and are producing new compatible systems.
Complete Q00S disassemblies are available from 3
nunber of companies including Sandy.

All the best with Toa.

Yours Sincerely,
Richard Howe

Proprietor
ARK DISTRIBUTION

Isle of Wight, United Kingdom

LOAD LOADER

BY

WILLIAM C. ANDREWS

To dress up the moniter screen while Losdin

4 progran 1 use the
following short program. LINE 4 i the title to be displayed (up
to 28 CHRS). LINE 9 1a the actual program name ——liait 10 cine
(7 With BU a after the #9. LINE 18 for a machine code Ct
meded). LINE 11 te the loading title of this program. Edit LINE
ty del

1 BORDER 1: PAPER 1: CLS
2 LET Le
LET Kee ——

4 LET Ne="77"

5S PRINT AT 4, (31-(LEN NS+4))/
2) PAPER 2) INK’ Oy BRIGHT 1) "";
K8¢ TO LEN Ne+4) ; "0

@ PRINT AT 5, (31-(LEN NS+6))/
25 PAPER 2) INK'@} BRIGHT 1
§_INK 75"3 "3NS;*
NK Os"

7 PRINT AT 6,
2) PAPER 2) INK'®} BRIGHT 1
L8¢ TO LEN Nea); "am

8 PRINT AT 10,115 PAPER 6} IN
Kk 94 FLASH 15" LOADING "; FLASH
®) PAPER @;AT 15,9)" PLEASE WAIT

9 INK 13 LoaD "22"
18 LOAD "27"CODE
11 REM SAVE "77" LINE 1

More Letters Next Page...

LETTERS

MILLENNIA K

Where are the MILLENNIA K users? Surely most of
you out there renember seeing an ad or two about a
disk drive systen for the 72063 that bragged about
the disk operating system that would allow. 1,000/000
byte storage on a single disk. This letter is directed
to the ones of you who had the nerve to fork out the
$450 of 90 required to obtain this reputably fabulous
isk system fron the now defunct RAMEX.

The brag turned out to be fact! The system turned
‘out to be one of the easiest disk systens, to date, to
use. Tt uses all the tape comands and ‘the "extra"
commands like FORMAT, CAT, ERASE, MOVE, etc. Not only
that, it allows the use of "sequential files" which
few Sinclair users have had the opportunity to use.
However, you already know that because you bought one,
right?

Tf you are reading this letter, the publishers
of TIME DESIGNS have seen fit to open the new arena of
SPOOS information. The desire is to provide aupport to
sone new orphans in the form of exploration of the in=
terface and the supporting SPD0S. If there are any
questions about methods of implenenting progcans using
Sequential files or expanding the comand list, or
getting programs to work with the system, just write
in and I'11 do my best to answer the query or find the
ansver from some of you.

342 Trotter Court
Sanford, Plorida 32771

QL USERS PLEA:
“TO BE OR NOT TO BET”

HACKERS ALERT. The Bard hit the Ql nail right on
the head when he asked, “to be or not to be, that is
the question". Fairly put, the question—-is the OL a
capable User "can do" computer, or are we “hacking” it
to death?

Tg the QL is such a good programer/hacker's
machine, then how come there aren't any "made in the
USA" programs? We need Anerican programs designed for
the American non-progranmer User's use! This includes
@ "load and useable” database program, comprehensive
‘accounting and bookkeeping programs for business, non~
Profit church and home use, anda lot more. ‘The only
ifference between a programer/hacker and the non—
progcaner User, is that the hacker is a £ suff
cient" user.

If, the knowledgeable hackers would stop their
"self sufficiency" long enough to weite some of these
needed programs, it would re-vitalize the Ql's per-
ception. By 80 doing, they could give our OL the "Dual.
Life Expectancy" that it deserves. So hackers, ask not
what the QL can do for YOU, rather what YOU can do for
the QL! If YOU don't, who will? Do it before it is too
late.

Kenton Garrett
Lansing, KS

Editon: Your points are welt taken. But Let me raise
an issue which you may not have thought of. The actual
numbers of OL's currently in use here in the U.S, (not
£0 mention the number of bonagide hacker/programer! s)
4s very Low. T have heard that estinates range beween
2 to 5 thousand units. That factor may have something
40 do with the Lack of user-oriented "serious" 40ft-
ware. Yet in many European countries (i.e., France,
Germany, ete.), ten times mone Q's were bold...and
explains why’ they are reteasing a substantiag amount
0f both hardware and softeare’ support. Perhaps your
Letter with strike some chords and stir some interest.
T couldn't agree with you more about the need sor pri
ghans that ane geared 20 the user rather the
engineer-types, or require one to digest documentation
that suspiciously Looks Like it was written in Latin.

HURRAH FOR NOVELSOFT

Recently I purchased TIMACHINE from Novelaoft,
Tey as I might, the program wouldn't LOAD; it was the
first tape I have ever been unable to LOAD or SAVE
immediately. I wrote Novelsoft detailing the steps I
had taken, along with some print-outs of various seg-
ments I was able to access, asking for their help in
resolving the problem,

Shortly after, I received from David Ridge, what
he believed to be the answer to the problem, along
with a request that should I have any further diffi-
culty, to contact him for further assistance. Every-
thing worked fine.

I thought it would be nice, were you to include
some mention of this in your colum, It ia very re~
assuring that TS users can deal with people as respon—

ible as Novelsoft, even in a market as limited as the
‘Timex Sinclair.

Yours truly,
Francis C. Dupre
Southampton, PA

APRIL FOOLER

Well, I guess it's time to renew my subscription
and it's my pleasure. I look forward to each issue of
‘TOM and I thank you for keeping the faith in the 1S
conputer systems.

was going to write about the modem program in
your last issue, about how 1 interfaced the simple
modem to my 2068 and how I ran the program and about
how I connected with dozens of mail boxes. I won't do
that but I hope next year somebody comes up with a
fantastic APRIL FOOLS gag for the author of that
article.

Warren Tucker
Vallejo, CA

NEW CAR SHOPPER

Dear Tim,

Here is a little program I wrote to compare car
prices and figure approximate loan payments. It tells
je I can't afford to buy the cars I already ovn!

Paul Hill
‘SINCUS NES
Johnson City, NY

S,8SM, gata from CONSUMER REPO
ar faget
2803NPUT "car Name “:nsi” Hode

t 2img
20 PRINT n$: PRINT ms: INPUT “
Sticker Price "ss

30 PRINT. "Sticker prices";
FNBUT “Cost Factor “sc: LeT ¢
i100: "Ler be:

ate cost sri0eat

ppt;” Deaier cost Fact
or 4, EET oprssopteacr: Ler
Gost Lost soers’
‘8 PRINT “Dealer Cost For car
"Cost: LET sticksstope: REM
check sticker price for destinat
fon charges
20° PR!
44

ch-cogt- LEr isamstosts(.Seger)
Lop°PRint “approx: Busing Brice

NPayment /Trade—In

Value “;dow: LET loan=(oan-dow

420 Ler’ toan=toan+isates tax if

app licapley

125 REM ge:

ales tax Tigure applies, otherwi
Program Witt not work propert

LET r2=.205: Le

TET (oand=(toans(rastoan)) 7
PRINT "S vear Loan Payment. =

5 loans

170 REM add printouts to carry

around wi

3

you 35 You shop!

New Releases

Last issue we reported on an external keyboard in-
terface that uses the cartridge port of the $2068,
available from John Mathewson (1852 Appleford St.,
Gloucester, Ontario, Canada KlJ 674). John has been busy
designing new peripherals for the 7S2068, and now has
several other new items. The “Sound Booster" plugs into
the rear port and amplifies both the BEEP and SOUND in-
formation sufficient to drive an 8 ohm, 8" speaker, or
there is a low level output provided to drive another
power amp or stereo amp. The on-board 9 volt battery
helps to reserve the computer's internal power for other
devices. A feed-thru buss is also included. The "Sound
Booster" board is priced at $41.50 U.S. funds (battery
and speaker are not included). An RGB interface is now
available for $34.95 U.S. funds, and provides an output
to drive any RGB-type color monitors. Press-on type Key
Caps for external keyboards are available for $5 a set.
A "Cartridge Adapter" card has also been designed to
plug any cartridge into the rear buss of the 752068
whenever the cartridge dock is occupied. Write for
further information.

Anew machine code utility software package is
available for the ZX81/TS1000/7S1500 called KAPKIT 1000.
A number of special routines are included that will save
the ZX/TS programmer time and allow greater flexibility.
Move whole programs or variables to high or low RAM and
back, convert hex to decimal, delete more than one pro-
gram line at a time, and mich more. A cassette tape and
complete documentation are available from: LST Software,
Box 62, Alcester, SD 57001, for $14.95 plus $1.95 for
SH. The program is also available from E.Arthur Brown.

You may have noticed that Commodore's inexpensive
1520 Printer/Plotter has dropped in price. One of our
Jong time readers (and occaisonal contributor), John
McMichael, has devised an interface and companion soft-
ware driver to operate the 1520 with a Timex Sinclair
2068. The result is high-resolution four color graphic
plotting with the Timex, using simple LPRINT commands.
For complete details and prices, send a legal SASE to:
John McMichael, 1710 Palmer Dr., Laramie, WY 82070. He
will even provide you with an address where you can buy
the plotter for $49.95.

PC-DRAW is a software package just released by a
Promising new company called MDM Enterprises. The im-
pressive new program allows the user to design detailed
Printed circuit board artwork, which can then be printed
and photographed, providing a negative for circuit board
etching. Circuit drawing is made easy with joystick
control, and the user-friendly documentation takes you
through the procedures step by step. PC-DRAW supports
all of the popular TS printer interfaces and is set up
for Epson compatible printers. Similar programs for
other computers are expensive. This one sells for $19.95
plus $3.00 (total order) SéH and is exclusively avail-
able from: Knighted Computers, 707 Highland St., Fulton,
NY 13069, tel. (315) 593-8219.

CompuServe Information Service has introduced a new
graphics medium, that will eventually replace the RLE
graphics (for information on this subject, reference
Stan Lenke's article on RLE in the Jan/Feb '87 issue of
TDM). The new standard is called GIF (for Graphics In-
terchange Format). With the appropriate software, a
picture file could be "downloaded" via a modem from
CompuServe, then displayed on the screen or sent to a
printer. GIF.allows for full color and high resolution
on many types of personal computers. Larry Wood of the
Picture Forum (GO PICS) on CompuServe, recently told TDM

s

that information would be released to Sinclair pro-
grammers to see if a GIF decoder or encoder program is
feasible with our computers.

Speaking of telecommunications, the second edition
of “The Guide To T/S Telecommunications" by Pete Fischer
and Steve Ishii is out...and is it ever a real gem! The
new deluxe and expanded edition hardly resembles it's
forerunner. The guide was re-printed using a laser
printer and is mich more readable. The front cover is
actually an RLE graphic that was passed around to a
number of TS users who added their own design, resulting
in an interesting collage of pictures from around the
U.S. Well worth the $5 price. Get your copy from: Pete
Pischer, P.O. Box 2002, Tempe, AZ 85281. Pete showed his
second edition guide for the first time, at the Midwest
TS Computer Fest in Indianapolis.

‘This RLE graphic was specially produced for the cover of

the new deluxe edition of "the Guide To 1/S Telecommni-
cations". Several TS users fron around the U.S. took
pact in drawing the graphics that make up the picture.

Having trouble figuring out the new tax laws that
were recently passed by our U.S Congress? A special 2068
Program just might be your ticket. Herb Bowers, a former
Federal Auditor and private tax preparer has put to-
gether a comprehensive tax software package that con-
tains two separate programs. "THE NEW TAX LAW AND YOU"
is priced at $12.00 postage paid, and is available from
the author: Herb Bowers, Sr., 2588 Woodshire Circle,
Chesapeake, VA 23323, tel. (804) 487-5924. Be a tax
"expert" and impress your friends with the astonishing
accuracy that your 72068 can calculate the new tax
code.

Charles Stelding has a 1S2068 desktop publishing
software package, and now has released a version just
for Olivetti 2300 InkJet printer owners (The WIDJUP
Company's "Winkjet 1" printing utility is required). For
a sample print-out and demonstration of what the program
can do, send a legal SASE to obtain information and
prices to: Charles Stelding, 1415 South Baxter, Myler,
‘TK 757016

Have you wanted to really put ARCHIVE to work (the
database program that comes "free" with a QL), without a
lot of programming headaches? You may want to check out
the ARCHIVIST and MAILMERGE software packages from Ark
Distribution, Corve Farmhouse, Chale Green, Ventnor,
Isle of Wight, U.K., PO38 2A. Write for information and
pricing or contact your local Ql dealer for a demonstra-
tion.

MIDWEST TS COMPUTER FEST
A Huge Success - AGAIN!

by Joe Williamson

May 2nd and 3rd was the peak time of the year for
Timex and sinclair enthusiasts who once again converged
for a weekend of fun and info gathering on our beloved
computers. This year Indianapolis, Indiana was the site
for the 2nd Midwest Timex Sinclair Compu Fest. If
you were not there, you missed the best one yet!

More than 45 dealers and user groups displayed their
wares in over 6000 square feet of space. There were two
Seperate seminar rooms with scheduled seminars running
all day In both rooms. There was also a “swap shop" room
were TS users exchanged and sold thelr unused equipnent.
A banquet was held on Friday night before the Fest to
get all the dealers and user groups aquainted which was
enjoyed by all.

More than 700 people were in attendance with family

meabers either enjoying the show or the excellent
hospitalities of the Holiday Inn or even Indianapolis
itself Including the Speedway which having tine
trials that weekend. All in all than

twice the size of last
from all over the US were there as well as from Cai
England, Mexico, and £1 Salvador.

ople
ada,

The entire line of Timex & Sinclair computers were
represented as well as some clones such as the Thor (a
QL clone) and the PC 8300 (a TS 1000 clone). Many seni-
supporters were also there Including representatives
from CTM magazine, Computer Shopper, c: rve, PC
Pursuit, and The White Church Cabin who sold buttons
commemorating the Computer Fest.

There was a shift of emphasis this year to the QL
which seens to be doing much better than alot had
expected last year. Sharp’s, Brice Road Pharaacy,
Variety Sales, C. W. Associates, Curry Computer, Quantum
Computing, Markel Electronics, RNG Enterprises, Tim
Designs, Sync Ware News and Quantum Levels ail had

excellent products available for the QL at the show. At

Computer Response was also there showing their support
for the QL.

The 2068 was not lacking in support either. Several
new products were demonstrated and sold. RT Mnemonics,
Variety Sales, The Widjup Co., Foote Software, Byte

Power, JRC Software, WHJ Data Systems, Grey & Clifford,
Curry Computers, RNG Enterpris Novelsoft, Aerco,
Zebra Systems, Knighted Computers, Semper Software, EZ
Key, E. Arthur Brown, The John Oliger Co., Lenke
Software Developnent, Larkin, Time Designs, and Syncware
News all had products or catalogs available. Most of the
seminars covered the 2068 and It seens that this year
the trend 1s toward telecommunicating with the 2068
Instead of just playing Also, desktop publishing
on both the 2068 and OL. 3 to be popular this year.

‘The 2X81/TS1000/1500 had It;
companies as WMJ Data Systems, Sirius Ware, Zebra
Systems, Silicon Mountain Computers, The John Oliger
Co., Semper Software, EZ KEY Thomas B. Woods, Syncware
News, and Time Designs represented at the show.

own following with such

The User groups were also well represented and are
becoming a key to the continued support of our
computers. The Indiana STUG, Greater Cleveland SUG,
Chicaga Area TUG, Sinclair Milwaukee UG (SMUG), Capital
Area TSUG (CATS), North East Florida TSUG, Sinclair
Loulsville UG (SLUG), Tampa and ST. Pete Area Menbers
TSUG (TASBAM), The San Diego UG, SAF UG, and the Quanta
QL users group from England. User group representatives
from all over the country were there to share and gather
Information.

There were many door prizes donated which made it
possible to have about eight prizes given away each
hour! Some of the door prizes given away were the QL,
software packages, service nanuals, subscriptions, gift
certificates, books, and nevsletters. Everyone I spoke
with said that they enjoyed the show and will return
again next tine. Next time 1s already on the drawing

board and will be a reality. Also in the works Is a show

to be held next March In the Orlando Florida area. The
producers of the Midvest TS Computerfest will help the
North East Florida TSUG and the TASBAM group put on the
March "88 show which has already recelved tremendous

support from the dealers pr

nt at the last show.

This 1s an excellent opportunity for everyone to
come down and bring their family for a nice vacation in
Florida. The site for the show will be very close to
Disney World, Sea World, Circus World, and other aajor
attractions. Also, this is off season time and vacation
packages will be available at reasonable rates.

For more information, contact Eric Johnson, 249 N.
Harden Ave, Orange City, FL 32763. A BBS will be set up
at his address to gain more information soon. Actual
date of show will be announced soon. Start making plans
now!

The show was very well organized and proper credit
should be given to all those envolved. The Show was put
on by a non-profit enterprise comprised of various user
groups and individuals in the Midwest. Frank Davis Is
the producer and TS Founder. He and the following people
should be applauded for putting on an excellent show.
Paul Holmgren Executive Chairman

Willie Jones User grp. Coordntr/Registration Chairaan
Ralph McCrum Swap Meet Chairaan/ Door Prize Coordntr.
Basil Wentworth Seminar Chal
Carol Davis Computer
Rhonda Jones Special A
Tim Woods Program Booklet Coordinator

ltant/Treasurer

1987 Computer Fest Comaittee Members:
Jack Payne

Tom Burt

Hilda Burt

Bill Bell

Mike Felersk

Frank Duncan

Also, special thanks should be given to the Holiday
Inn North of Indianapolis and many others who made the
1987 Midwest TS Computer Fest possible. I hope I covered
everyone that was there!

Stewart Newfeld of Zebra Systems

WHO was there? WHAT was there?
Another look at the 1987 Sinclair Extravaganza...

Reported by Tim Woods

Most "sophisticated" computer people who can even
remember the Timex Sinclair, would like to think that it
@cied up and withered away. But remember the old saying
"you can't keep a good man down"? Certainly holds true
with the Timex Sinclair community. Participation of both
dealers and users at the 1987 Midvest TS Computer Fest
held on May 2nd and 3rd in Indianapolis, Indiana, re-
affirmed and demonstrated that there still is tremendous
interest in Sir Clive's computers.

Something mist be said of this phenomena of getting
behind an "orphan" computer and supporting it long after
the manufacturer has severed ties and even forgotten it
exists. (Evidence of this is seen elsewhere; some 10,000
die-hard T1994/A fans recently held a computer fair in
Chicago. One enterprising individual is manufacturing TI
clones. There is even a large support group for the Adam
and another one for the IBM PCjr.) It is like a silent
revolution, where the consumer takes action into his or
her own hands. In a conversation with one long-time TS
supporter at the Fest, he told me, "I have grown to be
comfortable with my Timex system and it's kind of a
challenge to find where I can still get programs and
hardware for it. Sure there are faster, more powerful

machines, but I am very happy with what I have. Why
should I go out and plunk down some bucks for an IBM
clone or an Atari ST, when I haven't even explored all
of the potential of my own machine? And I'm having a lot
of fun too!"

Several new items were displayed or announced for
the first time ever at the TS Computer Fest. Many of the

exhibiting dealers had large booths with monitors set up
to demonstrate their wares.

Mark Steuber from Sharp's Inc., of Mechanicsville,
Virginia (who also happens to be the author of WAR IN
THE EAST, a program that has sold quite well in the U.K.
recently), had several new offerings for the OL, along
with some news of other developments. Most important
perhaps is that a new board called the TRUMP CARD, will
available by the time you read this, for $299.95. And
get this—along with a full-featured disk interface you
also get additional RAM that will boost your QL's memory
to 900K!! At the Sharp's table were some hardware up-
grades from Miracle Systems and Sandy (including the
SUPERQBOARD and SUPERMOUSE). A new keyboard replacement
for the QL called the Schon Keyboard was also shown.
Reportedly it only takes about three minutes to install,
and is priced at about $90. It had the feel of a very
good typewriter keyboard. Mark said that several of his
customers are interested in the new CP/M operating
system from Ultrasoft, and that he has it on order. This
should open a vast amount of public domain software for
the QL.

Joe Williamson at the
Foote Software booth.

Z

‘TM's Editor, Tim Woods chats with Mowgli Assor,
the programmer of "SEKTOR 2068", a disk utility.

On another note, it was announced that Sharp's Inc.
had bought out Knighted Computer's OL business. knighted
Computers (of Fulton, New York) will no longer stock QL
products, but instead will be concentrating on the other
computer lines like the Amstrad, but will also continue
to support the Timex Sinclair 2068. Ray Payne, co-owner
of Knighted mentioned that the QL business had been an
“up and down" affair, yet the T2068 has proven to be a
very steady enterprise. They have a whole list of superb
programs for the Timex that have been converted from the
Sinclair Spectrum, including their latest, TOMAHAWK, a
helicopter flight/air battle simalation.

Continued Next Page...

Jon Roketenetz (programmer) and Mark Fendrick of Markel
Enterprises have just released "Electrigl, Desk".

At the Sharp's Inc. booth: the Schon Keyboard and
disk interface/RAM board from Miracle systems.

MIDWEST TS COMPUTER FEST

Zebra Systems of Woodhaven, New York, again (as in
Cincinnati last year) had the largest display of Timex
Sinclair merchandise. Everything from books, Memotech
interfaces, programs, and even a new Wico Trackball con-
troller for the Sinclair QL. For months, rumors had been
circulating in the Sinclair community that Zebra was
"getting out" of the Timex business. But the truth is,
while they do have on-going development for other lines
(like the Tandy and Atari), they have committed to con-
tinue support for the Timex. They have a large inventory
of related merchandise including a number of used ZX81s,
2X power supplies, and un-tested 2050 modem cards.

TS Fest Committee members and helpful personages: (back
row, L to R) Gary Ganger, Tom Burt, Hilda Burt, Paul
Holmgren, Willie Jones, Basil Wentworth, Bill Bell, and
Prank Duncan. (Front row, L to R) Prank Davis, ‘Carol
Davis, Jack Roberts, and Rhonda Jones.

areas where Fest attendees came from,

‘A map depicted

‘The food at Friday night's Banquet was superb! Salads,
croissants, tenderloin tips, chicken, and world famous
strayberry’ cheesecake wore the featuted fare...and the
Service wasn't bad either.

‘Tom Bent answers a customers question. Tom is the editor
Of QUANTUM LEVELS and is the U.S. librarian for QUANTA,
the London-based OL users group.

Stewart Newfeld, manager of Zebra Systems even reported
that an all new catalog would be printed shortly. I
think that most Fest attendees were impressed with
Zebra's attitude and confirmation of support for TS
users, which greatly differs from some of the rumors
that were floating around recently.

It was a real joy to see that Curry Computer could
make it to this year's Fest (all the way from Phoenix,
Arizona). They brought with them a good sampling of
their Sinclair product lines, which leans heavily to-
wards the Sinclair QL. On display was both a Sinclair
Spectrum 128 (pre-Amstrad) and the CST THOR (the newest

‘The Friday night Banquet was attended by the exhibitors
and Pest committee menbers. It was held in the hotel's
spacious ballroom, complete with crystal chandeliers.
This was the perfect "kick-off" to the successful 1987
Midwest TS Computer Fest.

Editor Tim Woods and Assistant Manager Stephanie
Woods of TIME DESIGNS, enjoy excellent dinner
conversation with Ian'Robertson (far left) from
‘Toronto, Canada and several other TS notables.

Representatives of CATS, the Washington, D.C. area TS
Users group, (i to R) Hank Dickson, Audeey “and BOD
Coenut, and Ruth Fegley.

QL clone from the U.K.). They also had a video showing

highlights from their recent trip to a Personal Computer
Show in England. Rob Curry demonstrated how the Psion
Organizer works. It's a hand-held pocket computer, that
can download and upload QL data via a serial cable. This
is one powerful little device to watch, as versions are
available for IBM compatibles and is even reported to be
adaptable to Lotus 1-2-3.

Chris Raynak mans the Greater Cleveland
Sinclair Users Group’ booth. | The "group
had an impressive display of graphics.

Aciel Prailich, programer for Novelsoft
of Toronto, Canada, dons his “expert”
cap to promote their new program ZXPERT.

answer questions

ations).

+ "One of a kind"—-a transparent 752068 with a FootePrint In-
terface in the cartridge dock. Center: Dick Cultice, a menber of

jim of his TS2068 system “including a
full-blom Aerco 20-68 floppy set up. Right: At the Ric, Enterprises
booth, Rod Gowen demonstrates the new Larken 'TS2068 disk system.

Q

SMUG from Wisconsin, at the

Mark Steuber of Sharp's Inc., explains
how the latest OL hardvare and software
innovations operate.

‘Staff of Quantum Computing on hand to
Monica Herel

Senager) and Colin I. Cooke of London,
jland (Director of International Oper

MIDWEST TS COMPUTER FEST

Mark Fendrick was back again this year representing
Markel Enterprises, and had teamed up with Peech II Pro-
ductions (Jon Rokentenetz) to produce a new QL program
called ELECTRIQL DESK. It has an icon-driven menu and
is similar to "sidekick" programs that contain several
useful functions in one software package. ELECTRIQL DESK
is priced at $24.95.

Continued On Page 10

It's the Anstrad PC1512, an IBM clone,
Gisplayed here by a local Amstrad rep.
Complete systems start at $800.

Smiling Debby Curry, co-owner of Curry
Conputer, reported that Spectrum soft
ware sold very well at the Fest.

= NTERPRISES.

(General

MIDWEST TS COMPUTER FEST

There were many other exhibits geared to the QL in-
cluding: A+ Computer Response, C.W. Associates (who had
a striking all black dual quad-density disk drive system
for $239), Don Banard of Sinclair Network (has a product
guide on microdrive cartridge), Variety Sales (demoed
networking and a Ql-based BBS program), QUANTUM LEVELS
magazine, and Quantum Computing.

Frank Toemay of Quantum Computing is a rather in-
teresting fellow that has launched an ad campaign for
the Sinclair QL in many elite PC engineering publi-
cations, to go neck-to-neck with PC's and other 32 bit
Processors. Frank also offers two software packages of
“freeware” (Freeware I and Freeware II) at no charge, by
just sending a blank microdrive cartridge for each, or
Sending $2 for each package to cover the cost of a cart-
ridge and postage. Each freeware contains utilities and
other programs for the OL.

Two new QL books were on display: "Taking The
Quantum Leap: The Last Word On The Sinclair QL" by Mike
de Sosa was featured at the Time Designs Magazine booth,
and "Archive Master" by Executive Workshop was available
for viewing at RMG Enterprises booth.

The most interesting 2068 display at the Fest was
clearly (pun intended) a completely transparent, plastic
moulded 182068, which was obtained from the Research and
Development Department of the Timex Computer Corporation
shortly after that division shut. down. Inside this rare
bird, one could easily see the all-socketed printed
circuit board, with EPROMS replacing the usual factory
ROMs. A user from Florida is the lucky owner of this
collector's item. He also obtained Timex-designed stick-
on keyboards for the TS1000. These would turn the normal
membrane keyboard into small calculator type keys. These
have the Timex logo on them, and would have been sold
through Timex dealers.

Jerry and Til Champkif of AERCO from Austin, Texas,
were back again this year supporting the Timex Sinclair
2068 with their FD-68 disk drive and RP/M systems. New
for this year, was the long-awaited Spectrum "boot" disk
which allows the FD-68 user to run Spectrum software.
On Saturday evening, an exclusive Aerco users meeting
was held. Jerry Champkif announced that Aerco was dedi-
cated to finishing the FD-€8 DOS, and that completion of
this goal was not too far off.

Novelsoft from Toronto, Canada, had an impressive
display of three monitors that gave a continuous demo of
their popular software packages for the 7S2068 and the
Spectrum, including TIMACHINE, ARTWORK 1.1, The WORK!,
and a new release called ZXPERT. It is an expert system
and also (with the accompanying booklet) a study in
artificial intelligence-type environments. On hand to
answer questions were Novelsoft programmers David Ridge
and Ariel Frailich.

Ed Grey of Grey & Clifford Computer Products was at
his terminal demonstrating a Z-SI/O RS232 serial port
card and the SPECTERM-64 software package, which will
allow the 752068 user to operate any 1200 baud modem.
Grey & Clifford is also a dealer for PC Pursuit, and
applications were available for signing up. A special
separate drawing was held at the booth, and these lucky
individuals won G & C merchandise: Don Walterman (MI)
and John Kemeny (MA) both won Z-SI/O cards, and John
Coffey (IN) and Oscar Sensabaugh (TX) were winners of
SPECTERM-64 software.

G & C Computer Products

Joe Williamson of Foote Software from Gainesville,
Florida has one of the best printer interface values
around for the TS2068. The FootePrint is a quality board
that fits in the cartridge dock, and is compatible with
print driver software for the Aerco/Oliger and both
Tasman B and C. The $45 price includes the card, ribbon
cable, and software on cassette. There is even a spare
socket and switch, to run either a Spectrum ROM, or any
EPROM based software (like Zebra's OS-64).

Other Timex Sinclair 2068 displays included: Rod
Gowen of RNG Enterprises (demonstrating the new Larken
Disk System and many original software packages that RMG
exclusively markets), Vern Tidwell of RT Mneumonics (the
co-author of SPRITES 2068 demoed some new programs and
displayed special AROS versions of each), the WDJUP Co.
(offered a new catalog featuring a number of software
Packages), Stan Lemke of Lemke Software Development and
regular contributor to TDM (demonstrated his new desktop
publishing package for the TS2068 called PIXEL PRINT),
Pete Fischer (had a new and expanded version of his
GUIDE TO TS TELECOMMUNICATIONS), John Coffey of JRC
Software (showed DIAMOND MIKE and other programs), and
both Jeff Moore (editor) and Tom Woods (publisher) were
on hand from SYNCWARE NEWS.

Speaking of Tom Woods, he has been shifting his
talents a bit lately and has been envolved in developing
@ new program for use on PC compatible machines called
FINDEX. It is a database inspired by his Pro/File series
but makes use of disk drives, 80 col. video, and greater
memory capacity. One interesting feature of FINDEX is
that it can transfer data files from other computers
(such as the Timex) into its database through an RS232
serial interface. The program will be marketed by the
E. Arthur Brown Co. as "shareware".

While not as plentiful, there were some displays of
interest to 2X81/TS1000/7S1500 users, which included:
Mike Amling of Semper Software (featuring the Partial
Pascal software package), Dave Woods of Siriusware (and
author of a popular machine code book for the ZX8l),
Ted Sobel of The White Church Cabin (brought along an
interesting industrial applications display based on a
S1500, some custom software and extensive control hard-
ware). Many dealers had software packages for the 7S/ZX
based machines, and SYNCWARE NEWS and TIME DESIGNS had
magazines and other publications available.

‘There were many other individuals and groups who
participated and worthy of noting: John Oliger of The
John Oliger Company, Dave Rothman (SYSOP for Compu-
Serve), Mike Davis and Duane Malburg of MDM, Kurt Casby
(programmer of LOADER V and CASBOARD 2068), Dick Kelly
of Kelly's Office Products (an Amstrad dealer), Dick
Thatcher of Howard W. Sams Publishing, Gary Soloman of
Brice Road Pharmacy, John Kemeny of the Boston Computer
Society, Gary Ganger (President of DMA), Dave Franson
(peogerammer of Extended Paint and editor of 1.0.P.S.),
Pat Spera (SYSOP for CompuServe), Jack Roberts (1986 TS
Computer Fest Chairman), and the many members and rep-
resentatives of the more than 12 TS Users Groups present
at the Fest. I am sure that some person or group was
accidently omitted from this list...for this I sincerely
apologize. Perhaps another article could be written on
things that were left out of this one.

Based on the success of the Second Annual Midwest
TS Computer Fest, there will be another one next year.
Several ideas were suggested, such as three separate
shows (one in the West, one Midwest, and one on the
Eastcoast). Even more localized computer shows on a
smaller basis have been discussed for Florida and
possibly the Northwest. I know that I will attend at
least one if not all of the proposed TS Computer Fests.
If you hesitated about Cincinnati, and procrastinated
this year about Indianapolis, perhaps next year will be
your chance. See you there!

Note: Photography at the 1987 Midwest TS Computer Fest
by Joe Williamson and Tim Woods. Please read Joe's
accompanying article on the Fest.

ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE T/S 2068

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‘A word processor is to a computer user
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2X-Text can operate in 16-64K RAM providing
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features 6 ditterent options: write, read, edit,
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Text can be proot-read on a per-line basis
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ZX-CALC

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‘An electronic spreadsheet calculator is the
‘undamental basic toolfor summarising, reporting
‘and analyzing in matrix form any accounting,
‘mathematical or scientitic manipulation of num-
‘bers. ZX-Calc operates in 32-84K RAM andatfords
‘a maximum of 3360 characters / spreadsheet. The
‘entire matrixconsists of 1Scolumns (letters A-O)
‘and 30 rows (numbers 1-30) with 8 characters/
Cell Unlike other popular ESCs, ZX-Caic uses in
Calculations and witin cells al 14mathtunctions.
(on the ZX-81/TS1000. it offers a unique “SUM
function that totals one or more rows /columns.
‘simultaneously. Perenthesis can be used within
‘equations. There is no fixed limit on how many
‘equations may be entered, Formulas may be
stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The
display affords 15 rows /colums. Loading of data
into more than one cell can occur across/down
‘one or more row/column simultaneously. With
vertical windowing you can arrange a set ot col-
lumns in any order, or practice using fixed-variabie-
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‘options: enter /erase, move, calculate, print, save.
land clear the spreadsheet. Enter/erase allows
the entering, deletion or data alignment within a
‘cell through the use of a mobile cursor. With the
move option you may move around the entire
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The calculate option allows youto enter labels,
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‘equations that wall act uponthe data already within
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Time management is an important aspect of
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The Best of SUM

Some sample articles include: Building Your Own
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THE BEST OF

1h SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE

compilation of the best articles, reviews, programs,
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The Best of SUM, Part Il

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CK Type

@ NEW “STANDARD” FOR

“FOOL-PROOF” TYPING

OF TS206S PROGRAM LISTINGS IN MaG@azINES
BY STAN LEMKE

One of the really great things about attending the
1987 TS Computer Fest was meeting and talking to all the
great Timex/Sinclair enthusiasts! What's more, all the
people that type-in and use programs presented here in
TDM. Several people commented on the difficulty of
typing in these programs, and then debugging them, The
longer the program, the more difficult the task. As an
aid in this endeavor, I've created CK TYPE.

CK TYPE will give a short analysis of every line in
your BASIC program. It provides the following infor-
mation: LINE NUMBER, number of BYTES used to create the
line, and a CHECKSUM of these bytes. If a program is
submitted and the CK TYPE output is provided for the
listing, you will be able to type in your copy, run CK
TYPE on it, and very quickly know which line(s) might
need corrections. (Note: OUTPUT is routed to the screen
and to the 782040 printer with LPRINT, simultaneously.)

‘The LINE NUMBER lets you check line-by-line the
accuracy of your listing. A line is the BASIC program
line following a number (1 to 9999), and may be 1 word,
or a full screen in length.

Number of BYTES used is dependant on the number of
characters you type (including blanks and embedded
attributes) and helps you find those missing “spaces'

CHECKSUM helps you find typing errors such as mis-
spelled variables, errors in data statements, and even
transposed characters. It is not "fool-proof", as com-
Pound errors could offset each other, but it sure helps.
(Note: CHECKSUM for upper and lower case letters is
different, so be sure to use the same case as the
listing you are typing!)

Listing "A" gives you the CK TYPE Basic program.
Simply type it in as is. If you do not have TIMACHINE
(the compiler from NOVELSOPT), then you can delete/skip
lines 9987 to 9990 as these are TIMACHINE directives.
When you are sure the program is typed correctly, save
it to tape with: SAVE "CK TYPE" [ENTER].

Listing A
9987 REM ! LIST
9983 REM ! LPRINT
9989 REM |INT +START,STOP,BYT,LI
NE LENGTH, SUM,ODD, I
9990 REN | OPEN &

9991 LET start=256sPEEK 238c6+Pe

Ek 20605; LET stop=256sPEEK 2062

S4PEEK 23687: LET byt=sta

9992 LET line=0: LET lensth=o

ET sum=o

9993 LET Line=2SSsPEEK byt +PEEK

(buted): LET byt=byts2

9994 LET Length=2504PEEK (byt+1)
FOR i=1 TO lenst

$PEEK but: LET byt=byt+2.
he LET sumssums(odd41) 4PEEK byt

‘

9995 LET odd=1
LET odd=NOT odd: LET byt=byt+i
NEXT 3
986 PRINT LinesTAB 6)": ")tenst
RiTAB 13; isu

9897 LPRINT Unepras 6)": "tens
thi TAB 13)": "su

980 Ir putistor THEN GD TO S992
$999 SToP

Listing B

13

Listing "D" is a POKE table to create a machine
code version of CK TYPE (if you do not have ‘TIMACHINE).
‘The first column defines the memory location of the
number in column 2, colum 1 +1 is the memory location
of colum 3, column 1+2 is the memory location of
column 4, etc. You can create your machine code version
by poking the appropriate memory locations with the
corresponding values: POKE 64888, 205 [ENTER]. POKE
64889,58 [ENTER]. POKE 64890,255 [ENTER]....SAVE this to
tape with: SAVE "CK TYPE" CODE 64888460 [ENTER]. To
use, LOAD the BASIC program you wish to check, LOAD "CK
TYPE" CODE 64999,460 and run with RAMDOMIZE USR 64888
CenTeR].

I hope that CK TYPE is widely used in
community as a way of easing the pain associated with
typing in program listings! (Editor's Note: Please pass
the word around about CK-TYPE, especially those of you
connected with TS user groups and newsletters. Stan has
come up with a standard that is common in many other PC
magazines. Additional copies of this magazine can be
purchased by those interested in CK TYPE for just §3
postage paid each.)

The program is then ready to RUN. Type RUN [ENTER].
‘The output it creates will match listing "B" if you have
no errors. The first colum from listing "B" is the LINE
NOMBER, column 2 is the number of BYTES used to create
the line, column 3 is the line CHECKSUM value. Non-
TIMACHINE versions would start with the line number
9991. To use this version with other BASIC programs,
make sure that your other program does not use lines
9991 to 9999. Then our other BASIC

‘se the TINACHINE compiler to compile this
program, it will produce listing "Cc" and a machine code
routine that will be located at 64888 and be 460 bytes
long. SAVE this to tape with SAVE "CK TYPE" CODE 64888,

640 [ENTER]. To use this, LOAD ur BASIC _program,

LOAD in_the_machine code programwith: LOAD "CK TYRE’
CODE -64888,460 [ENTER], and run with RANDOMIZE USR 64888

EE we Eh RANDOMIZE “USE 64889
CentER).

Listing c

LINE s999: +0
CINE 9990; 64598 HFD7S

RT2o 65249 #FEE1

ar32 852587 #FEEQ

RT47 65263 SFEEF

RTS 65275 #FEFB

R104 «©5283 HFFOS

RT111 «= 65925 RFFEB

RTI2Z3 © 65331 #FF33

RTi2¢ © 65338 HFF3A

RT125 65343 _#FFoF

Startes. POSINT 65348 aFres

stop. POSINT 65359 #FFSS

byt.. POSINT 65352 #rrés.

line, POSINT 55354 RFFSA

tensth: POSINT 85956 #rréc

SUM eee POSINT 65958 HFFSE

Oddess. POSINT 65360 #FFSO
Ti) POSINT 85362 Fr52

TIME MACHINE ©1986 Cameron Hayne

M/C: 460 BYTES

+°30 BYTES FOR M/C_VARIABLES

(BASIC WAS S57 BYTES)

SAVE “m/c"CODE 64888,460
LORD “m7c"CODE 64888

Program Continued Next Page...

Listing D

$8 25s 83 1 0 34 «80 254 33. 13° a aes
34 125 Se 33 33. i @ 3 si 255 205 239 254

i ges 39 Be 265 229 42 76 2 @. 5a 52 so

220 33. 8 age S484. 255 225 78 255 205 203 254

3 28s Bas 33 39 254 32 35 63 43° Bis Bas 53

s2 118 33 8 B20 42 80 255 B55 13 92° B88 337

25 34 68 255 229 42 71 255 91 78 285 205 225

@ 2. 229 33 an 254 124 181 194 187

32. 110 «338 J 285 209 35 34 253 33 Be 43 Biz

205 35s Bes 255 42 50 255 Ber 33. 33 43 313

75 52 118 38 281 254 34 80 881 iSs 38> $3 783

aes 25 34 70 42 72 B55 35 ii 208 42° 201 205

a2. 63 255 3% 7 4265 42 33 43° 555 iss G61 49

36 33 3 8 85 34 53 285 25 73 35 78. 35

74 255 33 2 gl oe 255 35 be 93 ry gaa 11

$4 75 «BBs 33 237 82 218 42 19 33 ies 480 33

a «32 «(38 Bes 42. 74 255 205 o” @ ise 2a° Sa

J i 229 42 254 33 6 2 62 32. 187 56 23

255 110 33 3 $1 255 205 299 ig2 is7 32 8?

205 3 255 229 Ee $3. 32 235 105 184 eee 25

72 255 35 110 76 255 205 233 is 253 201 77 63

@ 2eo 2! 34 33 13 e 205 33 @ 2 Se as

255 42 zi 2ss ass 205 239 254 203 35 203 18 43

35 34 7 ess 2 $3. 32 42 a 2 41 61 32

Clow wagas 255 205 293 25: 245 ize 340 § 201

ess 35 118 «(38 13 215 205 63 17! os es 76 72

3 203 20s 3. B55 $2, 74 255 205 198 iis 48 62 23
5023 229 42 32 ass iio 854 33° 6 Bi8 125 3i5 215 301
goons Ss) aus 25 3é gi 285 295 299 62 2 ies 49 is

33 76 Ss 42 Ss ee 3

es0s8 35 38 33 72 Bs 76 285 205 233 +3 Sea? ae te

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S™TE
CONSTRUX IN ACTION!

Sketch

by Warren

SKETCHIT-G is an artist type of program that ex-
ploits the many capabilities of the TS2068 computer to
Produce graphics of all sorts on the visual screen.
‘These displays can be copied by the 152040 printer
and/or saved on tape for future recall and merging. The
Timex computer has several resident functions that can
be utilized for this purpose and SKETCHIT-G is designed
to coordinate all of these capabilities into a single,
unified program.

The principal routine of the program is one of
drawing straight lines by plotting pixels in any of the
EIGHT cardinal directions, simply by touching one of a
selected cluster of eight letter keys. Most artist type
of programs only go this far. Although useful in an
over-all drawing program, this feature is limited in
what it can do. We need more.

Straight lines in directions other than the card-
inal ones can be produced by using mathematical con-
siderations, and SKETCHIT-G does this to produce lines

Sketchit

TREN 4 “A-44a

2 REM 4% SKETCHIT.
Varren Fi

§ BORDER 4: PAPER
6 LET x=125: LET
DIM qs (32)

20 DIM ws(32):_pIm

2@ INPUT “Hit ENTE!
28

‘ON ERR GO TO 8s.

LET aa=PEEK 235:
IF aa=48 THEN oO}

To 1000

it-G

in two other ways: a) by.using the pixel coordinates of
the line terminals or, b) by using the coordinates of
one terminal and its angular direction and pixel length.
All three of these methods may be necessary in un-
hampered, graphical construction.

‘The TS2068 has a built-in facility for drawing
circles and arcs of circles, but except for full and
half-circles, the facility is impractical and difficult
to control. SKETCHIT-G uses only that part which it does
well, and relies upon mathematical concepts to draw
arcs. But don't be scared off. The mathematics will be
done by the computer. And, it has INPUT prompts that
clearly tell you what data it needs from you and in what
order.

SKETCHIT-G is a user-friendly program. It includes
an error trapping device that conveniently refuses to
allow the program to get hung up if you should make, or
try an “illegal” entry. But this can back-fire if you
want to get back to the listing as BREAK does not work
in the ON ERR mode. BREAK is treated like another error,
and the program continues. Hence, the zero key has been
set aside for an escape device. Remember this!

Continued Next Page...

-G

6-8-86

=G by
ricke

6: cls
y290: LET

t$(32)
R to continu

400 REM 2% LINES & SEMI-CIRCLES
405 PRINT AT 0,0;45

410 INBUT “Starting x-coordinat
CES

6
N-ERR RESET

28 Fe 28288 THEN 60070038 DE ea aaa
eee aE auays ((aazed 08 a 450 INPUT “Y Coordinate differe
sHosc Meeatier) ge wr eck 8 de awl vo tor e.ine: 4 tor
Sy E ae ii 56 Thehten iaeee te Ao pay “@ to DRAW; 1 to ERAS
HUNC=ERS Eo flotsinichsetitev"’enuse 2 “edo Rou awyense vixz ue, tPr
oe ro Seas cae248, NO 88°87 THEN GO Sop nen xe STRINGS INPUT
SURAT 73°BAUSE 10: Go To 25 $i INPUT “ROU number = os
3e hee eda ss PAUSE 3 fear INV 10 re £928 THEN GO TO 5
98 PRINT wi; FLASH a)” TLLEGAL $38 INPUT “STRINGS = "sms
18@ PAUSE 188: GO TO 20 0 2s
200 REM ## NEW PLOT COORDINATES 680 REM +# VECTOR INPUT
Barut NEU KEGDGEO"G NOTES SOE PRINT AN O.8r a8 a. ate
IF x<@ OR x>255 THEN GO TO 620 alee "Origin: Y-coordinate
INPUT *NEU Y-value, 8 to 16 Sag) Faeur “vector length © “ik
GF yo oR y>a67 THEN GoTo «4B INPUT “Angle: O to Gee deg.
660 FOR r=@ ToL
oe Bait ar asesseene 670 PLOT INVERSE b;x1+raCos (As
IMOUT "Y center point = "/¥ 780 sem 4. enesief eamcces
3S5@ CIRCLE INVERSE 6;x1,y1,6F 1 sel
368 GO TO 25 730 INPUT “Radius = "j¢F

15

749 INPUT “Initial angle (deg)
750° * ENPUT “Terminal angle (deg)
760) INPUT "@ to DRAU; 1 to ERAS

770 FOR QsaisP1/ie0 To aaePr/is
0. STEP 1.57

'780_PLOT INVERSE bjx14racos ALY
AseHSIN A

790 NEXT A: GO TO 25

80 REM_#¢ TITLES-COPY DISPLAY
—— 810 ON ERR RESET

913 PRINT AT @,5; FLASH 1;" ENT
ERA TITLE HERE

$16 INPUT “Ri TITLE. 32 Charact
ers, max"; ts

826 PRINT’ AT 0,0;

830 INPUT “Re Fete. oe charact
ers, max." jws

840 PRINT AT 21,0;u5

850 INPUT "Get BRINTER ready &
hit ENTER"; Z$: CO!

B$on INPUT. “aps Y for 2nd COPY;
else N "jz

S80°rr z$2"y" THEN copy
PER te LI, ag aud
30°80 To 22

900 REM #3 SAVE DISPLAY

910 ON ERR RESET

920 INPUT "Get RECORDER ready;
Ait ENTER" 75

930 SAVE “SKETCHIT” SCREENS
949 GO To 22
1000 REM ++ EXIT ON ERR MODE
and_7 of
START OVER
age5 INPUT “INPUT: C=CONT. N=RES
1030 “ THEN GO_TO 22
i020 THEN CLS : RUN
4030 IF _z$<>"c" OR zS<> “n”

THEN GO TO 1005

How to use SKETCHIT-G might best be explained by
describing what the dedicated keys do. First, there are
EIGHT direction keys. These are shown in Figure 1. The
arrows show the direction of travel each particular key
controls. The middle, or "S" key, has been selected to
turn off pixel "flashing". Flashing has a long ON cycle
when in the draw mode and a long OFF cycle when in the
erase mode. Pixels are small. One must look close to
discern this difference. Also, erase, the pixel mst re-
trace exactly the path that it took to draw. And es-
pecially in the case with curved lines. ‘This means that
it must traverse the line in the same direction. This
is because the finite size of the pixel allows only an
approximation of the true line, and the same line might
be drawn with other pixels in reverse.

‘The area set aside on the screen for these graphics
is all of that covered by screen lines number 1 to 20
inclusive. Line 0 and Line 21 have been set aside for
titles, remarks, etc. You may draw in these lines, but
avoid doing so. It is suggested that a screen grid
showing pixel coordinates plus line and column numbers
be used and that the desired design be initially
sketched out in pencil with terminals and angles of
lines be identified by coordinates and/or degrees. This
information can then be transferred to the computer line
by line in almost any order. Of course one is helped a
bit by having some drafting skill to do graphics, but
all skill in this application is a low level require-
ment.

‘The following is a tabulation of what action
of the number keys produces:

1 - Relocates the pixel PLOT

each

coordinates.

2 - FULL circles by the CIRCLE
command.

3 - Lines and hatf-circtes by
the DRAW command.

4 - STRINGS. Can accept any

Character of group of char
acters, spaces, keyboard
symbols, pre-fabricated
UDG’s, etc.

16

wiipee ES:

Rai

are?

ail

a EXAMPLES OF
SKETCHIT
ee 82 TITLE LOCATION
FIGURE - 2

S - Lines where start, Lensth,
and direction are known.
These are called vectors.

6 - Arcs of circles.

7 = TITLES & COPY the display.
Have a printer ready.

8 - SAVE the display on tape,
For future work. Have re-
corder ready and running.

® - Exchange DRAU and ERASE
modes.

@ - EXIT the ON ERR mode.

Gives a choice to continue
or CLS and start over.

Figure 2 shows a variety of shapes and designs pro-
@uced by the action of SKETCHIT-G. Let us run thru one
of the preceding actions...say the arc drawing feature
initiated by the "6" key. In particular, refer to the
arc shown in the upper left corner. To draw an arc, we
must know its radius and the center point of that
radius. We mst also know what sector it covers and in
this program the sector is defined by the starting
radius and the ending radius. In turn, these are
measured counter-clockwise in degrees from an arbitrary
horizontal line, the initial line. In this example, the
starting radius is 30 degrees from the intitial line and
the terminal radius is 150 degrees from the initial
line. Of course none of the straight lines that are in
this arc sample are needed to draw the arc. They are in-
cluded here merely to help visualize the arc drawing
parameters, and how the arc relates to them. Notice too,
that the arc draws itself in a counter-clockwise direc-
tion. All of the curves in this program, circle and
half-circle included, develop in this same way. All
angles are measured form the same horizontal, initial
line, counter-clockwise from 0 to 360 degrees. This con-
cept is more or less customary in mathematics and re-
lated subjects.

You will note that the "3" key is for both straight
lines and half-circles. The straight line is defined by
its starting coordinates and "pitch". Pitch here means
how far up or down and how far left or right the second
terminal is from the first, measured in pixels. If you
are using the "3" key for drawing half-circles, then the
line is not drawn. Instead a half-circle is drawn for
which the line would be its diameter. And the half-
circle plots from the initial coordinates, counter-
Clockwise to the second terminal of such imaginary
lines.

‘One other thing. Since the program is in BASIC and
a lot of calculation is performed, you may notice that
key response and INPUT prompting is slow at times. A
good rule to follow: look at your INPUT data on the
bottom line of the screen before pressing ENTER.

‘The various sub-routines in the program listing are
identified by REM lines to help you to analyze it and to
See what makes it work. Have fun.

HEL FA

Desktop Publisher
---> TS 2068 <---
# Pixel Precision Text
# Variety of Fonts
“2 bh5
Variable Size Fonts
Load GRAPHICS, add TEXT
and PRINT IT!
2 Column Newsletter Format
1 Col Bulletin Grd, Format
RERCO, TASMAN, Ad! CPI
IBM/STAR/EPSON Dot Matrix
Prowriter too (also 2
Pixel Print is easy to use
This ad Was designed with Pixel
Print (Graphics created with the
PS/GE v2.0), ONLY §19°° ppd.

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Desktop Clip Art
# ICON Designer Program
# 100 Clip Art Pictures
% SCREENS Utility

Converts Icon to SCREENS Butes
# ICON Adjusts to 3 Sizes
# Outline Border Optional

# COLOSSUS Utility

Converts Icon to COLOSSUS Format

=

(Sta
plu

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oe oe

NOTE: COLOSSUS is a Graphic
Banner Designer program.
NOTE: ICONS designed by

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# FONT Designer Prog
+ 6+ NEW Fonts

COMING SOON! (JULY

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2144 White Oak
Wichita, Ks.

evelopmen 67207

Dear MSCRIPTERS:

by Jack Dohaney

When I first started customizing MSCRIPT a couple
of eons ago, I sort of promised a semi-regular news-
letter to keep users abreast of latest developments.
After two issues it died. Why? Because suddenly there
were more Mscript owners than I could cope with. I

simply don't have the resources (time & money) to do
mailings to so many people.
Now it appears that TINE DESIGNS may serve as an

excellent vehicle for such a newsletter. It may appear
sporadically, since I tend to say something only when I
have something to say.

BUG REPORT (Hey, I’m only human)

Bug #1: If your MSSA won't Add Text from wafer,
then BASIC Line 375 Saas ea ‘Shi

ould be:
375 NEXT 1: PRINT IE ASCS; INVERSE Zp" “32

; ve an AERCO Interface and your
printer messes up when printing tex, then you probably
need Version 5.1. See VERSION REPORT below. Stock
Mscript's AERCO output routine had sneaky flaws which
hid from me up to and including version 5.0. These flaws
cause the strobe generated by the AERCO Interface to
sometimes be too long for many printers, with wierd re-
sults. The strobe is the signal from the interface to
the printer that says: I got good data for you NOW. The
strobe should last no longer than the data, but long
enough for the printer to notice it: a few microseconds.
With the AERCO Interface, strobe duration is controlled
by software rather than hardware, and interrupts mist be
OPF when the strobe is initiated. If an interrupt occurs
after the strobe is started, the strobe will be too long
for some printers.

Another output routine flaw can let printers lack-
ing a "“print-error" signal generate a "false error
signal" which aborts printing prematurely.

The problem described by Mel Rout in the "TS
Communique" column on page 5 of the March/April 87 issue
of TOM, indicates he needs Version 5.1 or higher. Joe
Williamson's reply can probably be disregarded, with
thanks for the effort.

Thanks to Jerry Chankis of AERCO and P.E. Skipper
of the world at large, for helping to defumigate this
one. Actually it's two separate bugs, but I call it one.
All 3 of my printers, of course, work perfectly with
Version 5.0. Alas, all printers are not created equal,
but all should work perfectly with V5.1 and higher.

VERSION REPORT

Version 6 is in the works. I decline to speculate
as to when it will be ready, or to describe new features
in advance. Now's the time to send me your suggestions.
Customized Mscript users who have "registered" with me
and paid their dues will be notified when V6 is avail-
able.

Versions between 5 and 6 (such as 5.2) are "in-
termediate” versions, steps along the way toward V6.
BASIC Line 1 tells full version number. The latest ver-
sion can always be obtained by request. Payment is in
the form of voluntary donation, as usual.

VERSION 5.1 corrects sneaky machine-code flaws in
the AERCO print routines of versions 5 and below. The
pokes necessary to upgrad from V5 to V5.1 are too
extensive for publication here.

VERSION 5.2 changes BASIC so that a backup may in-
clude current text. This has several uses: your backup
may include your letterhead and/or usual printcode
definitions. Or you can reload work-in-progress all at

IP

once, rather than reloading first the program and then
the textfile. Version 5,2 simplifies the View Memory
facility, to make room in BASIC for Backup's include-
text function.

There are at present four "standard varieties" of
Customized Mscript: MS5ST for cassette tape only, MS5A
for A&J and cassette, MSSD for AERCO disc and cassette,
and MS52 for ZEBRA disc and cassette. SPECIAL VARIETIES
Of Customized Mscript are available for use with Tasman
and Byte-Back serial interfaces and for RAMEX disc, but
not yet for Oliger or Larken disc. I would need those
devices on loan in order to develop such varieties.

DUES REPORT

Nany Customized Mscript owners have not "paid their
dues", probably because they're ignorant of the big
picture. ‘The facts are these: I do NO hold the Mscript
copyright and cannot legally sell Customized Mscript, or
control its distribution. Dealers who distribute Custom
ized Mscript rather than Stock Mscript do not pay me a
cent. The only compensation I get for the enormous work
of customizing Mscript comes directly from happy and
fairminded users in the form of voluntary donations. ‘To
date I have been compensated for my work at the rate of
roughly $2 per hour. My thanks to all Customized Mecript
users who have registered, and paid their dues or ex-
pressed their appreciation.

THE FUTURE

I believe that the wheel needs to be re-invented
continuously. Were it not, we'd still be riding around
‘on round rocks instead of steel belted radials. I plan
to go right on improving Mscript and other things as
Jong as possible.

Jack Dohany, 390 Rutherford Ave., Redwood City, CA 94061
(415) 367-7781. Send legal size SASE for list of avail-
able “Fairware" programs.

UNLEASH THE POWER OF EXTENDED
COLOR MODE ON YOUR T/S 2068!!

EXTENDED PAINT gives you eight times the
hormal color resolution. Over 25 unique
functions. Joystick control, menu-driven.
Extensive printer support, including hires
greyscale screen dumps to'T/S 2040 and Epson
compatibles, as well as FUL. COLOR hires
dumps to Canon color ink-jet and compatibles.
[Supports AERCO Centronics interface.
‘Cassette, with 24 page manual, $19.95 pp.
from:

Dave Franson
3534A E. Squire Ave.
Cudahy, Wi 53110

ZEUS VUTILItTy

by Richard Hurd

5 REM
ZEUS SOURCE CODE TO
MSCRIPT CMSV5
or TASHORD IT
CONVERSION

The following routine converts ZEUS source code

files into an ASCII file for either of the two most
popular TS2068 word processors: MSCRIPT and TASWORD TWO.

A hex dump is included for ease of data entry.

(€)1987 Richard

19 REM This program us
is based on the mnemonic:
ptable from the ZEUS a

2@ PRINT ''TAB 13; "Z2M/T"'?*~
Conversion routine to convert
Zeus formatted Source Code to

either or both:"'’” Mscript (
CMSV5T)“*" TASWORD 11”

30 BEEP .1,7: PRINT '*’'TAB 10
i "Please LOAD"’’TAB 3; "ZEUS (Fo
mat) Source Code”

4@ LOAD *"CODE 32768

50 LET length=USR 61431: POKE
46927+length, 255

6 CLS : PRINT **’" Press appr
opriate key"''" 1) MSCRIPT (CHS
2) TASWORD II”'" 3) BOT

LET 1=CODE INKEY$: IF i=CoD
THEN GO TO 61
65 IF i<49 OR i>51 THEN GO TO

Saving Z2Mfile CODE
length: SAVE "Z2Mfile”
CODE 46927, length: IF 1=49 THEN

GO TO 100

6 LET length=USR 61556: POKE
61552,79: POKE 61553, 183: POKE
61554,48: POKE 61555, 117

90 PRINT '” Saving Z2Tfile CoD

E 30000,";length: SAVE “Z2Tfile
“CODE 30008, length

10@ CLS : PRINT '’’ TAB 4; "That?
s It!": STOP

11@ LOAD "“CODE : CLEAR 29999:
RON

120 CLEAR : SAVE "Z_2_M/T" LINE
11@: SAVE *Z_2_M/T"CODE 61015,
618

18

BEST
EESF
EEG?
EEGF
EET?
RETR
EES7
ESF
EST
EESF
EEA7

EEBT
EEBF
REC?
EECF

EEFF
EFO7
EFOF
EFI7
EFIF
EF27
EF2F
EFS?
EFSF
EFA
EFAF

52 52

28 08

Hex Dump of Z_2_M/T

Beta Basic 3.0

Over 100 New Commands For Spectrum/Emulated 2068
Reviewed by Robert D. Hartung

When I first loaded Beta Basic and began working my way through
its well-written 90-page manual, my impression was, “Wow! This
is almost like having a poor man’s QL!" Of course this extension
to Sinclair Basic must work within the hardware limitations of a
T/S environment, but after a year of learning my way around it a
bit I am even more convinced that it provides our "toy"
computers with what is probably the most powerful Basic

programming language available on any 8-bit micro today.

Many of its over 100 new and enhanced commands and functions
have several variations. Except for TS2068 commands that are not
available in Spectrum mode (STICK, SOUND, ON ERR, RESET, FREE)
it is completely compatible with Basic programs that have b
entered and saved on either a TS2068 or Spectrum. (Free bytes
function MEM", and ON BRROR line no.

n

and ON ERROR statement:

statement: ... are supported.)

This means that any 1/8 Basic
program that will fit under a 46679 RANTOP may be loaded in with
BB in-residence and and its toolkit features used to edit,
Split, join, re-number, or make block-moves or copies in the
listing with all discrete line-references changed accordingly.
Keying in a zero before any line number immedia

ly brings that

line into the editing area without shifting the listing display.

AUTO line numbering in any step may be turned on or off.

After all this, if no BB-specific command words have been
inserted into the listing, it may be saved again as a TS2068 or
Spectrum progr

jected blocks of the listing or data in

memory may be saved from the comple: Tf sav

program.
the special line ® containing BB directives, it

with
ay contain any

of the BB commands and will run with the BB code in-residence.
‘As supplied, BB is cassette and MicroDrive compatible, with
adaptations available that will work with WafaDrive as well a1
Opus, Kempston, Oliger, and other Spectrum-compatible DOSs.

takes about 125

It

conds to load from tape,

Personally, I would think this program worth having for its
‘editing features alone, but that is barely the beginning of all
that it does. Probably the one most powerful feature is that
procedures can be created, each of which may then de called by
single word. In effect, this allows the user to create a library

of new command words, limited only by your ingenuity and

available memory. Procedure parameters and internal variables
designated as LOCAL do not affect other program variables which

the same nam

DEFAULT values for parameters and other
may be pre-defined. DATA may be used as a procedure

ue)

By using stored addr

1588, FOR-NEXT loops run at cons

nt speed
anywhere in the listing, unlike T/5 Basic, and are about 2 times
faster at the first line, 5 times faster at the 100th and 17
times faster at the 500th li

GO TO ané GO SUB are also faster
and RETURN is just as fast from the last line as from the first.
The DO-LOOP structure is supported as well as WHILE, UNTIL, EXIT
IF, ON, and BLSE. SORT will re-arrange any array of strings)
numbers or letters, in

fending or descending order--400 of
them in about 3 seconds. INARRAY and INSTRING will search for
any given target string. ITEMO checks for the last item of

DATA and whether any item is numeric or a string, READ LINE

allows READ to work with DATA that otherwise would need quotes.

Graphic and display control are provided in any of 127 us
defined windows, with wraparound pixel-by-pixel and attribute
ROLL in any direction as well as SCROLL in any direction. FILL
will surround all closed figures with 4

gnated PAPER color or

4411 any closed figure at given coordinates with designates INK
color. CSIZB provides characters in any size from 80 columns per

Line to one filling the entire screen, as well as reducing or
‘enlarging any text or any portion of the display put into
string by GET, which you may then PLOT anywhere you want it on
the screen. Plotting scale and 0,0 origin coordinates may be
set with four special vari

Other commands and functions include OVER 2 which allows
superimposing printed or plotted text or graphics without
affecting what is already there, STRINGS will print

character or string a given number of times. Cursor control

any

codes may be imbedded in text to change print positions in the
display. USING or USINGS may be used to align printed columns of
integer and decimal values and truncate to the desired number of
places. LLIST expands token-words and TAB is translated to the
proper number of spaces before being sent to a full-size
printer. (The ProFile printer driver routine will work in BB/
Spectrum mode by using POKE 6368/84 and POKE 62699,91 before

moving it just below the BE code.) SCRNS recognizes UDGs along
with the normal characters recognizes by SCREENS. A real-time
CLOCK provides options of display and/or audible alarm and/or
timed GO SUB,

KEYWORDS n provides one-key entry of Keywords, letter-by-letter
entry, or combination of both. The KEYIN command actually can be
used to create self-writing programs, All variables and their
contents may be listed, or all lines that contain a given
reference or procedure may be displayed in succession for
examination or editing. The ALTER .. TO -- command may be used
(but with caution!) to change every occurance of a given word or

cha

ter-sequence wherever it appears in memory, A TRACE

function may be used to singli

step through a program for
de-bugging. Strings, arrays, or blocks of data may be displayed
for editing and may be moved, joined, or copied in memory. Any

Part of memory may be put into a string. LET asx,b=y,ct

supported,

Any on all character Keys may be use;

defined to produce a
complete program line or a conversion formula or an entire
Subroutine with one Key-stroke, and these definitions may be

‘Saved with the program. Hex and decimal conversion functions

Provided, as is decimal to binary and bit-by-bit AND, OR, and
XOR of two numbers. CLEAR n768 moves RANTOP without loss of
variables. BREAK will stop machine code endless loops. Listing
formats indent wraparound lines to the fifth column for easier

\ding. Options provide listing of multi-statements on separate
Ain

with some commands indented further.

A random number function is 2 1/2 times faster than RND#n, SINE
and COSE functions give four-place accuracy 6 times faster than
SIN and COS. DPEEK yields decimal result of a double PEBK and
DPOKE does LSB, HSB double POKE of a decimal number to a given
address. CHARS converts 065535 integer values to two-character
strings and NUMBER converts them back, at a saving of 60% in use
of memory. MOD gives remainder of one number modulo another.

3454545454545 454515+5+5+5+5+5

You've heard of PROFILE 2068.
You way have even heard of PROFILE +3!
But we are willing to bet that you have never heard of:

PROFILE +5!

That's night! PROFILE 951 A great new addition to the Line
of PROFILE updates. We have used all of the various
versions of this progran and can honestly say that this is
the ULTIMATE PROFILE!

#5 contains all of the features of PROFILE 2068 and

well as all of the new features of TOK WOODS’ PROF!
CARTRIDGE! Including the ‘NOT’ and ‘OR’ search routines.
Tt also lets yn print in 8@ coluans! It still has the
“NAHE “ print feature and the “EDIT A PHRASE’ menu
option. You can now ‘HERGE’ files, ‘DATE’ files and make
use of the-great machine code sort routine!

#3 as
TLE

All of this is available in several ways, if already

Own one or more versions Of PROFILE, you'will’be aple ty

‘save sone money on this version. the complete progran on
Cassette available for:

OMY $29 .95+#2ph

(User Manual available only fron TOM WOODS for $10.08)
For nore infornation, please call or write:

AVAILABLE EXCLUSIVELY FROM:
RMG ENTERPRISES
1419 1/2 7TH STREET
OREGON CITY, OR 97045
503/658-7484

345454545454545454545+5+5+5+5

Since no review can provide the

ture that is better than a

thousand words," with the permission of BetaSoft I have written

& 20K-byte demo which shows typical listings and runs actual
examples of about 85 of the new and enhanced commands of this
remarkable software for the Spectrum/Emulated TS2068, It is
available for $5.00 to cover the cost of postage, packaging,
‘tape, and handling by writing to me at 2416 N. County Line Rd.)
Huntertown, IN 46748. Please note that, to protect BetaSoft’s
copyrights, the version of Beta Basic included to drive this
demo will NOT allow editing or use with any other listing but
the demo may be used as a tutorial when loaded with normal BB.
Beta Basic 3.0 may be purchased for 15.50 in British pounds
(about $25.00) from BetaSoft, 92 Oxford Ré.. Moseley, Birmingham
B13 9G, England, Payment may be by international money order;

or MasterCard for easier currency exchange.

Next Issue:

Professional TASWORD TWO.

STARFLEET 2068.

“Beyond the User Manual”

New series for the ZX81/TS1000/TS1500.

PIXEL SKETCH and GRaruics eprros v2.0

(eee TOM review Sept/Oct "84 == vol 2, ne.

Beis eos ;
ESET wees | Ree
Eaiacas at

(COLOSSUS 18 4 Low Resolution Graphics Basigner Progra.

2000 Printer oF Full Oize Printer” neste your TPRINT=00 code)
GHECKROOK ¢ BUDGET nasTER

Complete 990 Creek Database,

8 Taliies moore ane exreoKs

SD Lemke

Lemke Software Devetopment
2144 Unite Cak
Wichita, Ks. 67207

Sortware

Deveto MeN t

20

by Albert F. Rodrigue=

PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS has been a multi-part feature
in TIME DESIGNS, and deals with programming on the
Sinclair 2x81 (or 7S1000/7$1500). ‘The chief example used
in this series is a game program called "ZX81 TIC~TAC~
TOE" which has been discussed extensively. In this in-
stallment we feature the actual BASIC listing of the
program.

If readers do not wish to type in the listing,
there is a cassette tape available (non-listable) for
$12 from the author: Albert F. Rodriguez, 1605 Penn-
sylvania Ave., #204, Miami Beach, FL 33139. Also, you
can get a print-out of this listing along with the array
content and program declarations for $6.20 ppd (foreign
buyers add $2.00 for the cassette, or $1.00 for the
listing).

In the next issue, we will have a complete line
explanation of the program and more.

Form W-4 Program
Employee Withholding Certificate

The most controversial NEW form
oft the tax "si £ on act!
ow you can ConpLete thas new confusing Form Faster than the so-
called “experts”. Dewonstrate to your Friends and neighbors the

25 2065, ty iupressiue

SeGions side of Cae
Clee PEAT EAE) “1/5 2065 On Cassette
THe MEW

Tax Law and ‘You
Know for certain how the NEW TAX
All affects you in the future,
You Cah calculate how much your Federal Income Tax vill be for
1957 and 1953 by using 1996 Figures. How vill the BEV Tax Law
ou ghd Your familys You" tay experts
7.00 postpaid 5 206b- On Cassette

They

The 2 prograns uboue are being used by “tax professionals
are LiSTabLe and can be MERGE ¥ith your bookkeeping susten,
Both TAX PROGRAMS for $12.00

t $5till Avai lables

Original
MONE SY MACHINE
15 2868 $10.00 on cassette
Min the ever popular “BOOPEY GIET CERTIETCATE™
Mena s MR CH Ne
$12.00 on cassette
eS 2068 Starring the Lovely Miss “Banta Brite”

ans Magazine __

CHECK OR MONEY ORDER. (US Funds)

gisosa
iS HERB BOWERS, Sr.

2588 Woodshire Circle

Chesapeake, VA_ 23323
Phone: 604 487-5924

SS0FTa 3
fababah = Accurate business, Bookkeeping and accounting soFtware 27

Programming Concepts

82:

oP SOOOSOr HF SCOsSSOSSrenMamn nani

ets trttetstert iy

“eaINT
TER"

NT
nt
S.

|
\y

Dow pone hr

Continued Next Page.

4819 RETURN
5000 INPUT Xs
$001 PRINT

RETUR!

Fe.

PRINT

@ Ler kee”

$%

8005 IF kSsUs THEN LET

TE KSsu$ THEN-LET

6007 NExT

508 IF _K>s2 THEN GOTO 6013
RETURN

PRINT AT 22,4; "REPEAT: TRY

PRUSE 120
PRINT AT 20,1;
PRINT AT 21,1;

OSUB_RDRFRU
GOTO saor
FOR Jai To 9.
IF K$=C§ (5

NEXT J
BO5UB IN
TF LF S="OReL
Gosus eKMy
6OSUB OUT
IP Pgs"urN’
GosuB_setur
GOTO 7001
GOsUB PSTN
80508 RCD
BO5UB SRK

Soonaa:
Reesee
Etre

THEN LET

BIOS

Shhh eeGoee Bonk
PSOOVONEOWESOO IG HO

"THEN RETURN

THEN RETURN

IIIA IIASA oO DHGDOH

3
THEN LET Ceius=

i
Massaacasocc0000a0

oP ksscer
7022 NEXT J

7024 GOSUB’ PSTN

‘OR U2? THEN
LET LP)
e)

SL (P) CODE

2054 LET CTRscTR+1
2055 LET LN=7059
7056 LET Uz

FOR Rei To 8

“THEN LET Js2e

2109 To 19

2110 2

7433 y) BND O8 (1) =As(
THEN 2

7iie THEN LET

7113

7ata

7ais

7248 AND O$(T) =Ds (4

THEN Cer Kes ES (s)
2 BJ) AND C$ tT} =08 iu:
Then cer

2118 aah

ZATE EP TLSQ604 AND OH (4) =<" TH
2420 IF TL Seo AND C8 (4) =") TH
EN LET Ks

suai TF Lsg7S6 AND C#(4) =" TH

EN LET kgs"?

2ige FOR J=l TO 1s
7323 a7
2iee AND O$ (I)

THEN CET Kees (2)
Ba F esr)

cgie)

cerss
Css) =" TH
Bo1c AND cgie) =") TH

S13 AND CODE Se15) +0
QE Ceo) see THEN LET Keri 4!
S23 BNO CODE cs ia) +o
ODE. csish ‘521s THEN LET Kse's*
Sees cao beset BNP, Spee Ble *e
ODE C$(3)=360 THEN LET Ks=
7198 IF TL=3813 GND CODE eee) +c
ODE CS (9) =225 THEN LET Ke="4"

THEN Kee'g
SE AND CODE Celt +0
75 _THEN LET Ks="

= AND CODES:

A

ODE C§(9) #360 THEN LET Ks"

Ziad IF TL=2500 AND Ssi4) =H TH
EN LET ks:

745i IF 813 AND CODE Cgi4i+c

C8(7) 2221 THEN LET Ks.

S13 AND CODE

49 THEN LET Ke,

ESS AND CSS)

2
IF _I=4 THEN PLOT A,B
9036 LET B=B+1
9037 BLOT A,8.
9038 IF r=ii THEN GoTo 9042
OR I=6 OR I=9 THEN:

9044 GOSUB DSPLY

9045 LET A=i

gece Let B=42

9047 FOR I=1 To 12

or Ti THEN BLOT A.

3049 LET AsA-1

$050 LET B=5+1

9051 PLOT A,B.

9052 IF I=12 THEN GOTO 9056
$053 IF I=2-0R T=6 THEN LET A=t

2
goS4 IF I=2 OR T<6 THEN LET ba
3055 LET A=A+S

3058 BLOT ALS.

9069 IF I=18 THEN GOTO 2075
9070 IF I=? THEN LET A=R-2
9971 IF _I=?7 THEN LET 5
$072 LET A=A-3

9075 LET B=B-3

9074 LOT a5

3075 NEXT T

20278 SOSUB UIN

S076 PRINT AT 18,2.
AT 20,23"

30c0 BeTueN

RINT AT 18,6; """ COMPUTER T
9082 PAUSE 900
$083 CLS
9084 RETURN
9035 SOSUB DSPLY
9086 PRINT AT 16,6; """GAME IS

9087 RUSE 900
S038 RETURN

a

For many years now, we 2X81/TS1000/7S1500 users
have had to contend with VVLR (Very Very Low Resolution)
graphics. Not any more! With nothing more than a suit-
able static memory, mapped from 8-16k, we now have true
high-resolution graphics for our machines!

By “suitable” I only mean that the static RAM's
data must be accessible during refresh time. If you have
@ HUNTER Board, you can make a very simple modification
to meet this requirement. Simply cut the line between
the RAM chips pins 20 and edge connector pin 16A (RD*);
bridge the resulting gap with a 4.7k resistor. Now
connect a diode with its cathode (banded) end to edge
connector 23A (RFSH*), and the other end to the RAM side
of the new resistor. Alternately, contact SILICON MNT.
COMPUTERS about our "SCRAM" board, which will do the job
with no modifications.

Silicon Mountain also has "SCRAM HI*RES EXTENDED
BASIC", which gives you 38 new high-resolution commands
from BASIC. ‘The prupose of this series of articles is to
give a tutorial on the use of SRAM HI*RES, demonstrating
how these new commands can be used to write spectacular
graphics software...entirely from BASIC.

Editor's Note: You can contact Silicon Mountain
Computers by writing to: C-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box,
Nelson, B.C., VIL 5P1, Canada. A complete line of in-
teresting products are available for the Sinclair 2X81,
$1000 and TS1500. The "SCRAM" NVM Board is priced
at $39.95 postage paid; the “SCRAM HI*RES EXTENDED
BASIC" software package is priced at $24.95 ppd.; and
other high-resolution graphics programs are available
including the games DUNGEON OF YMIR and HIGH-RES CHESS.

Since this article presupposes that you have SRAM
HI*RES EXTENDED BASIC, I can already hear charges of
"vested interest" in publishing a program that makes use
of it. I must plead "no contest", but also point out
that it is common practise for manufacturers in other
fields to provide after-sale support via their trade
magazines (like TIME DESIGNS). Granted, the SRAM HI*RES
manual gives all the basic info on this new operating
system, much as your computer manual gives "all you need
to know" about your ROM operating system. Still, many
users will find it necessary to get additional ex-
planation in the way of articles and sample listings.
This article, and the accompanying BLACKJACK listing,
will attempt to get you familiar with the use of some of
the new SRAM HI*RES commands.

THE DOCUMENTATION

Before we get on with it, here is the documentation
for the BLACKJACK program published here. Look over the
artwork for this article for an idea of the displays you
will be seeing; these are all ACTUAL screen dumps of in-
Progress games!

High-Res BLACKJACK
For the ZX81/TS1000/TS1500

by Fred Nachbaur

‘The game of BLACKJACK is one of
casino games, and for a good reason; it is one of the
very few casino games where you can actually have odds
over the house. A skilled Blackjack player can actually
(in the long run) come out ahead, because of an est-
imated 2% advantage. Compare this to horse racing, with
an estimated 25% loss, or lotteries with a typical 508
Joss!

the most popular

GETTING STARTED

Start by hooking up your 2X81, 1S1000 or 151500
(with 8k static RAM and a Timex 16k RAM pack). Note #1:
Larger RAMS will work, but you will still need the
static RAM in the 8-16k region. Many 64k RAMS WILL NOT
work on the 1500, however. Note #2: If you're using a
7S1500, you'll still need the Timex 16k pack in addition
to the internal 16k. This is for the hardware reasons
unique to the 7S1500.

The first thing we'll do is enter a program that
actually will be run only once! This is because there
isn't enough room in 16k if we include it in the main
listing. The purpose of this is to set up a dimensioned
string array to hold the character codes for the UDG's
used to print the images of the cards. Incidentally,
this little "trick" demonstrates a use for your static
RAM even in non-high res programs; use it anytime you
need to import or export data (variables) between pro-
grams.

Enter LISTING 1. You don't have to enter the REM
lines, they are only provided to help with the graphic
characters. Proof the listing, save it to tape just in
case you "mess up" later, and run it. This dimensions
€$(4,13,7,5), then proceeds to fill it. The characters
it is filled with correspond to the UDG (User Defined
Graphic) characters that will be set up in the main

rogram. Note the significance of the dimension number:

" (number of suits), "13" (number of cards in each
suit), "7" (number of lines in each card image) and "5"
(number of columns). Once the array is filled, the con-
tents of the array is POKEd into your static RAM.

Now enter NEW, LOAD the SRAM HI*RES core program,
and delete the extraneous lines 3-9999. Now type in line
2 of LISTING 2. Note that this also deletes the 64-
column PRINT driver routine, which we won't be needing
in this program. Just for safety's sake, enter the
following POKES, which prevent accidentally calling the
deleted 64 column routine:

POKE 18080, 208
POKE 18081,75

Then, LIST 2 and POKE 16419,2. This prevents your
listing from getting stuck at line 0. Henceforth, using
only LIsT (number greater than 2) instead of LIST (only)
then, enter the program lines starting at 9900.

Now comes the nice part. Enter RUN 9900. ‘The C$
array will be re-created, and filled with the proper
contents from your 8k static RAM board! While we're at
it, we define a few of the important variables that
won't change throughout the program. You can now delete
lines 9900 onwards, leaving you only with the line 2 REM
and of course the line GO00 REM. Henceforth, NEVER USE
RUN OR CLEAR, or you will destroy these variables!

‘Though this seems restrictive, look at how much memory

we have saved with this approach? the entire contents of
LISTING 11!

ENTERING THE PROGRAM

Now we're finally set up to enter the program. For
your convenience, we're publishing the entire program in
this issue, reserving the detailed tutorials for sub-
sequent issues. This will give you an actual, running
program, even if you may not understand how it all
works.

I suggest using FAST mode for program entry. ‘The
most laborious aspect is entering all the UDG and sprite
definitions starting at line 9000, so I suggest you do
this first to get it out of the way. If this seems like
a lot of work, consider this: you don't have to design
the pictures, break them into individual UDG's, trans-
late them to hex, debug, modify, and debug again. I
already did all that. All you have to do is type in the
nurbers, proofing and correcting as required.

I should note that the separator characters (or
commas) between the hex numbers can be anything you
wish; I like commas, but you may prefer spaces, or what-
ever. Similarly, I used other characters between each
UDG (group of 8 numbers) to aid in entering the nunbers
originally; this merely indicates which character the
subsequent UDG defifiniton relates to, and made it
easier for me to perfect the images. They have no other
significance. again, you might prefer to replace these
with spaces, asterisks, or whatever.

Remember, once you start entering the program you
must NEVER use RUN or CLEAR. To guard against disaster,
save to tape frequently. A few minutes spent saving,
while you go get another cup of coffee or stretch your
legs, will be well worth it if your kids stumble over
your power cord or your cat jumps onto the RAM pack.
After entering each group of lines (e.g. every 100)
proof your work. Errors will be easier to spot if you
are dealing only with a small group of lines. Be careful
to type in the listing exactly; at some points, even an
‘omitted semicolon or space will cause improper program
‘operation.

When you're all done, and have saved to tape, get
ready for the show. Make a final save to tape using GOTO
8900; this will then autorun after the SAVE (or sub-
sequent LOAD). The program initializes all the UDGs and
sprites at line 9000, jumping to the actual program
start at line 2000 when complete. (Though it looks like
it would take a long time to execute all those def-
initions, i.e., 128 UDGs and 26 sprites, it actually
happens in less than a second!)

Next time we'll dissect the program, explaining why
some of those weird commands are there and how they
work. Meanwhile, have fun! Don't spend all your money in
one casino!

BLACKJACK

‘This program simulates the casino game very closely
‘even though it doesn't allow refinements like doubling
bets or splitting aces, but it does have the capability
of using mltiple decks. Also, it deals from a "true"
deck, making it possible for you to practice “counting
cards", a skill which will dramatically improve your
odds in an actual game. (Be forewarned however, if you
do count cards...do it discreetly since a casino will
bounce you if it even suspects you of counting!) Also on
that note, I must add the following disclaimer: "High-
resolution BLACKJACK is intended for amusement purposes
only. It is NOP to be used for actual gambling."

On loading, the program will start by itself and
ask for your "bankroll". This is how much money you have
when you walk into the casino. Enter the amount you're
comfortable with ($100 if you're conservative, $1000 if
you're a high-roller, etc.). Then enter how many decks

LISTING 4: CARD ERATOR/DOUNLOADER

80 NEXT S
30 GoTo 2000
100 LET C#(5,

bo 0
ND
uy
ge E

E

aaa
poo
oe
bee
feu ow

aaa
pono
Siuioe
phew
igen
Sean &

Bock

440 RETU

nan
Bose
rere
Biwi}

ion9008000:

Erne nee tes
aaaaa
pono
papi
phoee

my
in

2005)
& Boece

1
it
3
reeerror

RaRARARAAAAAA

2)
a)
2)
a
2)
4)

wa
Soccei

ri
is
BaRaTET BHETEe HHT

pewoeD

Ghaanuazaaanen:

2
2
re
4
6
6
2
2
4
6
6
8
8

boboHoe HONDO

4
at
3
4
999999050001
GARGS BRAGG

Screen Samples

“BLACKJACK” ay

you wish the dealer to use. This can be one-deck (makes
it easier to count cards, keeping track of how many face
cards are still in the deck), or more. According to re-
ports, most casinos use three to five.

After shuffling the cards, the dealer asks how much
you wish to bet. ‘The "house limit" is $2000, though you
can of course change this by modifying the program. The
dealer now deals two cards to himself and to you. His
first card is face-up, subsequent cards will be face-
down. Your cards will, of course, all be face-up.

‘Presuming that neither of you got Blackjack (ace
and a 10-valued card), you are now asked "HIT?". If you
want another card, press "Y". If you wish to stay, press
"NY. ‘The idea is to get your hand as close to 21 as
possible, without going over ("busting"). Face cards
count 10, aces count as either 1 or 11. All others count
as their face value.

The dealer's rules follow the convention used in
most casinos. If he has less than 17, he must take
another card. If he has 17 or more, he must stay. ‘The
exception is a "soft 17" (ace plus cards totalling 6),
in which case he must take another card. After each
hand, the dealer reveals his cards. Press P to play the
next hand. (If you don't want to wait until all the
cards have been turned up, simply hold down “p" and the
program will go on to the next hand between cards.)

I£ you get Blackjack, the house pays 2:1. (This is
actually a little generous, but I'ma generous kind of
guy...) On the other hand, it's obviously impossible for
your computer to "pay off" if you do well, so the game
will continue to play until you blow your wad, at which
time it will insult you. (Isn't that a lot like life?)
At the end of the game, you can press "P" to play again
from the beginning, or "Q" to quit to the normal oper-
ating system.

4
a
3
2
4
2
3

2160 LET 2050 FOR R=1 TO 8

csis.c,
(5,C,2,2) =Us 1161 REM INVERSE 2070 FOR L=i TO S

B49 Ler es tssc.2-4) -Us a E 2080 POKE DEST CODE C$(S,C,R,L)

620 LET C$(S,C,3,3) =US 2170 LET C$(5,c 2085 LET DEST=DEST+1

850 LET C$(5,0,4,2) =Us 2i7i REM INUERSI 2050 NEXT L

640 LET C$(5,0,4,4) =US 2100 NEXT R

850 LET 6$(3,0,5,3) =DS 1180 RETURN B10 NEXT

S60 LET C$(5,0,6,2) =D5 1200 LET Gs(S.C,4) <Use"BCDE” 2120 NEXT S

870 LET Gs(5,6,6,4) =D5 2210 LET Cs(8,C,2) ="FGHIJ" 2130 PRINT “CARDS STORED. LoD

80 RETURN 7220 Ler Cs(3,0)5) ="KLHNO™ BIN PROGRAM, THEN GOTO 9990 TO UP

900 LET C$(S,C,2,2) =US 1230 LET C$(5,C,4 PORST" LOAD.“

910 LET C$(5,C,2,4) =US 1240 LET C$($,C,5) 2148 STOP

S20 Ler G$(5,C,4,2) =US 1250 LET C$(3/C)6) =" Zilles $000 SAVE “CARD”

eee ter Pees 3 1251 REM Z, INU SPACE, GRAPHICS 9010 RUN

rt 10555

950 LET C$(5,0,6,2) =D $250 LEY OS(s Get

Seg ter Ogtgs6,6/4) =b8 1261 REM GRAPHIC

870 L tere;

$30 LET CE(S,0,8,4) =Ds 3272 LET csis.c.8 LISTING 2: HIGH-RES BLACKUACK

$90 Fi Fe

1000 LET C$(S,¢,2,2)=Us raathenien 2 REM SRAM HIRES U2.04
63 18/61379) 20s 3300 Ler os 5 REN Gotouscee Te START
Bea 2 a i582 REN of ly
a heenesrs 2910 LET cs
c$(5,C,6,2 s ESS
Gs(8,6.6,4) =D8 Beco cats 32 LET UsoeaTs72
C$(5,0,7,3 = oe ” 1S (EN PRINT ; AT
C$ (830: 7.9) =0$ 3989 Ler c8(s,c,a)="mrsonne ae" yig dled Br" O reg LrEyT
$(5,0,8;4) =D8 $355 cof ioe" 2) 3Na THEN
Gs(S,0,23 2N1 TO 8
INUERSE $ noee ap OwTEUSRLHR THEN PRINT TAB O/
c$is,c, eo $8 Te Usk we THEN eRINT aT Una
TNUERSE 3378 2 Beasties cung ca7een) vat U=60,0/
esis ; Fas y
TNUE! iS89 FEN STORE CARDS IN_sRAM seacU; Ser rite Genesegaty FET)

0,262-U; 5B; 14 x
2000 PRINT “CARD ARRAY FILLED. 5 err’ Sk ae teen Lae eae

see

ae Reatts Ge” PORE Basson Dntbae SMhoP heaasdatea Sas gee
Hye pales 3 Sie enc
ate Han Gear rica ae

NEW KK

* HIGH-RES «

BY F.NACHBRUR

OK,56AD_B6OB.
LETS SEE YOUR SANKROLL-~

PLAY WITH HOW MANY DECKS?

$1000

LARKEN

DISK DRIVES

LKDOS - EXTENDED BASIC CARTRIDGE
= Uses all standard (Token) keyboard cassette counands
~ CAT MERGE ERASE FORMAT LOAD SAVE PRINT and more
~ Uses NO RAM space . HAS BK ROM and 8K RAM on board
7 Mesory Save Feature PUSH BUTTON aeaory transfer
- Fully 2068 / Spectrum compatible / 0S-64 Compatible
~ 10 Extended Basic Conaands for Graphics, Utilities and
up to 3 scrolling Windows on the screen'in proportional
int (up to 100 characters wide)
= Supports 2 Floppy’s and soon to released 256k RAIOISK
~ Can be used with either Larken Disk Interface
~ Available soon for RAMEX and other disk IF’s

NEW 2068/Spectrum Disk Interface
S eee 1 or 2- 3° 3.5" or 5.25" SS or DS drives
- Double Density 360k (double sided)
= Snapshot pushbutton on board
2X-81 TS1000 2068 Disk Controller
~ Supports double sided 5.25" drive , 160K per disk
~ The Best DOS for the 2X-81
~ Uses no ran :2K Ldos and 2K ram on board
~ Connects to r with Ribbon Cable
PRICES : (US) EX-BAS Cartridge
NEW 2068 /Spec FD Interface
Add $5.00 2X-81 Disk Controller
SAH 256K Ram Disk
2- Drive Floppy cable

* LARKEN ELECTRONICS RR#2 NAVAN ONTARIO CANADA KAB-1H9 &

460.00
$45.00

P; 3428 GOTO 2200

fi '3450 GOSUB UAL “se
3460 IF USR HR THEN PRINT “MONEY

@LL GONE. NEXT SUCKER?

3428, INKEYS="P" THEN GOTO VAL

2488 IF INKEYS<>"O" THEN GOTO UA
5490 CLS

3495 IF USR HR THEN RETURN

3439 STOP

5 (0) -N2.

£13) 4NA
2) £294N1

(T4N2) 4NA

260 IF NOT T THEN LET A(DI(NA).N

270 IF NOT T THEN LET A(D(N1) 2

280 LET U=r

290 IF_v> ‘s i
300 LET DiT+5) = Bese sag BLACKUACK |

Bie TF reNi THEN LET DiT+a) =N1 990 TFB Ca) 4D (6) <23 TH S00a fF USRTHR THEN LPRINT U;" ~
ter e EN GOTO 2 YG ,00,00,00,00,00,00,00"FF.61,

HSE ODE ses tGateabataatenr oiesabeateatt

HR THEN PRIN 45 ca
6422 eLEN 28s Zs ng BoURSTAV™ T AT 84) 3166) Cd,82,02,05 95,05, 858 00,00,
410°GF USA’ HR THEN PAUSE VAL "2 BEig IF NOT © THEN GoTo 2580 9,06, 08.0605 04ghis 16. 25,28 28
o 2420 LET T=NO ny Ai iether eet prt wt a ]
420 RETURN | 2430 Gosus 200 iSS5AG on sahs 42,88 .A2 66m05,05"

SOQ IF USR_HR THEN PRINT jiAT 9 2440 IF D(5)>15 THEN 85. con 85,05, AS ,AS™
AONO;ES: ESSE SLES, NTaT B4:N@ 3480 IF DII3NO THEN GoTo gave 9002 iF USR HR THEN LERINT U: 7m"
2

510 RETURN

"05 ,04,02,01,00,03,0F 0D 2A,CA,
THEN G 92,04,38,C7,77,DD£82,80,83,80,02
98,25 ,52$0A,61,B9,00,48,A3,54,4
$:AS,65,25,A5,45,35,B0,50777,00,

Ler F7,06 F6,06,Fa,DSi77 06, 78,0S,A8
790 DIM Bsn) Gor: 55,AR, 55) 26,91 AE, 40, AR,SS Al
240 FOR C=Ni TO S2 IF e560 AS, 114,06 ,40,AA,55,AA,S5<BS, ‘Sb
250 FOR L=C TON STEP 52 IF DGS: 2830 -@D.. 55, AF SF AA, SS”
750 LET B$(L) =cHRS C Goro 2 8063 tf UsR'HR THEN LeRINT U;
270 NEXT L LET p¢ "AA, 5S5,FAFS,AR,BO,.BRJAD+AR, SS,
280 NEXT ¢ LET DG 4a,5$,02,76,88,65-RA,55,.AR,5S, 82
800 RAND Goro aa. 178,89,943AA,55,AR55,ABSE,BB,
sens 22 Poets ee een
1 CLS DtS)=21 THEN 7: A Fi
830 PRINT “PLEASE WAIT UNILE t 2580 LET T=N4 EN GOTO 2730 (PEs MESES; 4A Rd, 10 .46,04 04,0108
SHUFFLE." 3599 IF NOT D AND NOT & THEN Gor |1086,5E £3 .9¢ 25 ,4¢,55,5418C,F0,
Sse FoR c-Ni-To nN 2600 tr 280 ee ae ae eee venrur us 2
R TOON IF _NOT_D THEN Gi 520 aes
Cetas'2, 2610 GoTo 2640 peilg 7 "AS, AS,AS,AL,AL,A1,AL,A1S66 45,
TRND=N) +N 2620 LET T=No 44,42,42,49,35,49421,01,02,02,02
ee 2636 Gite. ate sebecesbereattat cacaattastatea
* @ IF USR HR THEN PRINT AT 84, ace, 2AO,
2) chs Se;,"HiT?™ 84, |, Ad, 40,41,05,07042,C0, 7F 96,81
Beso TF zees VS Au Pe Ma Pai he Falta
TH 0 IF Zsco"V" AND ZS<O"N" THI »A8, FO, a
EN CLEAR Bey hs EN 9006 TF 'USR_HR THEN LPRINT U;“B"
B70 LES bazgary” "01,06,18,20,20,24,4A,C4CFE,21,
THEN CLEAR 2680 TF NOT > THEN GoTO 24ao ic,08 04 ,93,09,9107 54 54,354.52
THEN CLS 2690 IF USR HR THEN PRINT AT 84, 6284584 ,58600 86,4026, 46,4050 ,4
2040 IF _USR_HR THEN PRINT AT vAL 56; “0K.." F0i,02,05,02,05,09,01,esG8i,Cci,
tse" UAL 20"; SOSUB 200 41,02,42,21,60,60H0i,0i,01,01,04
T UAL’ "99" UAL! Sean; Ge Di8) 521 THEN GoTo 2600 81,01, 0114¢,46,4c,56,56,56,59,2
90", UaL "20"; "By F.NACHBAUR™ Goro 2410 8020, 16,08,64,56,52,00,00.
2050 FOR AsNi TO UAL "a2" STEP YU 2730 IF D(6)=21 THEN GoTO 3009 ©9007 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT Ui “K"
aL "3 2740 IF _D(6) 12 THEN GOTO 2760 ©, "@2,04,05,02,01,05,05,1EL 93,51,
2060 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT R;115 2750 GoTO 2780 49,36,D4,22,51 ,264rS,C2,04 08,05
$8,50-8, 1554h, 70-A 2760 LET D(6) =D (6) +1020 (4) 711,62, 02NAB,Aa,AS AS, F4,52,60,8
2070 NEXT A 2770 IF D(6)>41 THEN GOTO 2730 © $011,,84,6A,84,15,04,04,08P55 6c,
2060 TF USA HR THEN peINT i; ,aT 2782 IF DIS) 381 THEN GOTO 3009 8B, EE, BS, EE, BS ,£EG15,68,65,C0,Ai
0; Et" | TAB Se. TAB 5790 IF DiS) 2D(6) THEN GOTO 9200 ,62,B4,£6R55,AA,55,00,11,25,44 5
Pareai) 50; "Maa rAe 2e;"Baa 228s Goro.

(D(S) 3D(6))#108+3000 8555.88.01 06,16 2E,58,a6T22,50,

~ +2 BUST CO,£0,50,£8,BC EE"
IF USR HR THEN PRINT ;;AT_U 2610 GOSUB UAL, 400" segs ir Usa HROTHEN LERINT Uj “u"
ao dens ones Cee "77 ,8D,17,0D,07,03,01,40U61,DA,
LET peep 44708,005 Soest saauii: 22,44,85,00

“DEALER, 4 188,58, AAX17,20,47,85,03,A1,51,8
STAB UAL BO LET De) =p (6) +20 Sornaes aioe nan B86, ,btz48 28,

sored 4 Sem eas

2100 IF USR_HR THEN LPRINT ©; 196 hae cee 355, Dsheb, 47 ,88,10;60,00, agae

7 161,30; Dj 166,170, 140,168;D; 169,
i76;xb: 166,169

2110 IF USR HR THEN PRINT AT UAL
pedge JUL "id" sPUnET “TS, VoUR MA

60,80, 40,80,20,40"
9009 iF USR’HR’THEN LPRINT Us "F
rey 20, Pate 226 5. 288s 8 04 fo4.,cA,

84,88 ,08 288, 3288 ,00,02,08,58
Bio iyeut us 8908080 006,06,8¢,42,43,52,05.8
2130 IF USR HR THEN PRINT AT 130 6°8a° B6°Roe 46, 0, 46, Bomo2 , Oi,
an ncaa ar) at oS RES ae 02 ,02,04 92,04 0d—14 18,9940 26
8,NO;"LETS SEE YOUR BANKROLL. $” SOSuB S00 | 5422, 95, 09,26 ,08 28, 1847
140 INPUT 0 Soeue vAL “Seo 9011'IF “tsa nee ‘THEN CEATNE vu; ob
Bise Ler oases INT 0 £255, SSmFF 05,

TF USR-HR THEN PRINT AT 72, gh hs0@,83
2160 IF USR HR THEN PRINT O;AT U {S) {AT 95,60;0(6);AT a4, no; * #c,0S, PC, 20,46; aire nao, Fé, 08

NO; "PLAY UITH HOW MANY. +8°5)0; "a8 © 06,06 ,68H00,00,00,02,05,05,10,2
3280' 26 Siui'tHew sr use HR THEN $808,060, 00,01 ,18 26,20 SmaS As,
260 INPUT ND PRINT “PRESS PTO PLAY" Ag 2848.52 54 ,28,40,40,51
2190 GosuB UAL "700" eve Let T=NO 736,00 ;S0Cd,04 08 05/05¢07,25,0
2200 rUSR_HR THEN CLS $260 FOR Aze.TO DiNA) 8805/08,05,05,08 08.05.57
B55 Gosue seo 3280 Let DINt} NO S072" TF USA HR THEN’ LERINE U:
23h0 ir Nui THEN GOSUB VAL “6 3300 LET H=RiA,Ni) 39 ,2F ,00 07,02 95,08, 1EBSS, 2,
Ba SeoRe aman eT sete at otet te Mia Pe}
$215 IF USR HR THEN PRINT "#"305 ape Tr 3 184, Mt
e235 IF us 0; $320 IF INKeve NEN GoTo 940 4gle"867Am ea, DgvEe,BbveGgea. ic,
2220 INPUT P $290 GosuE 10 32
2200 LET poABs P 35a0 NEXT A ght 98) ‘86H05,85,C5,£5,85,£9,5D,£
220 7 SND P<=2000 THEN GO 3400 TF O<Na THEN GOTO 9450
To 2300 “pe 9013 IF USR_HR THEN LPRINT U; "8
Base Gosue 500 $618 IP INKEY@¢>"P™ THEN-GOTO 96°" 77 .8D,97,00,A7,83 2 ,OMO2 DS,
2260 IF P>2000 THEN rag USR HR TH 75,D2,74, 2, 04814,11,11,54,98
EN PRINT “LIMST=s200) {34,86 4419516037 ,00.57,26,97,4
2270 IF USR HR THEN Pernt “BET T 12, A@ ,. AQ, 80 AG, Ad 51,
00 HIGH" 10,5F ,40, 6, 1082 ,01,00,00,F5
2280 GOSUB VAL "410" 297 00 , 00627 ,05,B9,4F ,51,92,A4,8
2299 GOTO VAL “2205” 9876 00,60 ,40,F0,30,F8,08"

26

9021 IF USR HR THEN LeRINT SD; 1;
$00 ,10,26,44, 70,4444, 00HO0 36,4
4,045.40, 70 , 0000, 76,04,16,04,
44,38, 00H00,05,16,25,48,76708,00

9916 IF 'USR HR THEN LeRINT U;“B
A 10, 14,£3;00; 40,40, 50;25m01 oF, Boo, 7¢ 40, 78,04, 44,35, 00800 36.4
178170503 °02 BERGA CATER GB ak Oy 78 ddd 34 OdmOs Se oe Ba S65"
285,AS,AGHS4 ,D4,Ad,98,80,00,00,0 20,20, 00800,35,44,36,44.44,38,00
QGAi 64 AO .Ad, 40/00,00,00816/15, BO6,50,44 42/52 04 340
IB /ig; ie egerescregsscosvee st 126 2,08,58 43,66 96800. 3c. 08/0608.
gare see iA, AR, FE,02,7E,61,01,F Bee ,44 48 76,56,48 44 00°” ob
9016 IF USR_HR THEN LPRINT U; 60,22, 22,58 2b 12,05 Odeon Se*
4n18e58, 70,76, FE,De,10,Smo0 58, 42°02 "2,2,55 22.44.08, 00800, E,
sebe58, teed Secserecceeec coe: ,e0,96 , 06805, i658 22 54425-9676
Bid) 08, 55,7, 3,52. 16 8 Rint Thee
65, 7#, 66.16, 1¢ 06808 35 60eee8 205208208238
457,22, 00808, 16,98,6 b73b-55, 16 ;00m00/6—
eBid 752/290 34,25 62, 52,0600 .0¢, 1812518
8017’ IF’OsR ne THEN TR We)
."4F,3D,70,65,6B,46, A, 0E,12,22,00"
67,53,68/31,61,40msi, sete
iB66708:08: 38° oo"egco ems 36 2
108,00,00,00,00,00,0FMi9 53.
84,04 ,08,85,o1,rimcscescsoeséené 2485 PROT
seb dB FOROS Ob SBinéschSéraese S18 EOE PREM CANE wot acns
if :

by Tim Stoddard

I presented, near the end of 1986, two articles on upgrading the Figure #1

9190 IF PEEK VAL _“32600)

IF USR HR THEN save

giao
NOIF
9150
3500
ss02
3905
8907
9910
9915
3920
9925
3930
9935
ss40
go45
3950
9955
3360
9965
3370
9975
3380
Geeo

IF Pi
Use
GOTO
REM
CLEA
ter

EEK UAL “32600.

HR THEN LGAD "DATA"

vaL "2990"

R
HR=vAL “ise00"
NO=NOT Px

INTERNAL 64K RAM for the TSIZX

152010 ram pack to 64K. Shortly before that I had also designed a three
chip INTERNAL 64K upgrade, But the chips used (NEC's 43256 SRAM cost $55
BACH! This, I thought was much too much to pay for that amount of memory,
hence, the article for the TS2016 upgrade. 1 have been following the price
of the 43256 chip, and it ie currently priced at $14.08, with every
indication of going dow further. So this 1s, perhape, an opportune time
for this article.

Schematic #1 shows the election logic used. I used the 74LS145
which ts an open-collector output and eliminates using diodes to tie
together the apropriate 6K blocks for each of the two 43256 SRANs. The 2.2K
resistor and 1014 diode at the top-left eide of the schematic mikes this
upgrade compatable with VEYKIL's high resolution program THRUST. THRUST and
this upgrade works BEAUTIFULLY! The upgrade must be in the 16K node to run
THRUST, however, The 253904 transistor deselects the BASIC ROX unless the
current address is in the first 6K block.

2k
w 5 oy x2 oF Skt Seceer™

(@)
ee
REA 7

poen paeone StH

ote to,
fot me
rise

Alt
Ans
re ray werane 1)
Peas #1
ows hk (oats)
a Ok

(8 OO HO OO
Caen e am mac |
8 OF OC (CO

27

“DATA:

YARK UP THE SOLDERING TRONS!
Figure #3

peur our (SMa
td

rye Pas

First, using the proper anti-static procedures, take off the back The cut

of the TS/ZX case and remve the PCB from the case. The modification can be
done with the keyboard connected but I don't recommond doing it that way
With the PCB out and on the anti-static mat, remove the old SRAKs and

sockets if there are any. If you are nodifing a 1K 2X81, remove jumper LK,
and install LK2.

jext, perform the four cuts shown in FIGURE 1, then install a 26
pin socket where the 2K ram would go. Using FIGURE 3, prepare the 74LS145
‘as shown and install it where the LEFT 1K SRAM would normally go. You'll
need to slightly spread pin 16 up to pad 18 and colder, then spread pin 8
down to pad 9 and solder, This brings in the 5 volts for the 7418145 chip.

sapere ams mee

Consect up the romining vires, diodae, aod tranetetor a6 shown tn aa
srovess 1"s'3 then reconsect the Keyboard cables (carefully) if you have Ra
Hocensected thon, Turn the PCD over and partors ‘he eix cite & 7 adde ae ooh
shore te FIOVHE 2: AUTH: hide nembered 1 85 should be lightly larger
‘ren than the standard £0 guage wite-erep txpe hire, se these pace 2 volts
SUS Sther topic, ov add fhe'twe recievers sad one’ lode t0 shown fn
ure 2

Plug in OWE 43256 SRAM into the 28 pin socket, screw the PCB into
the top half of the case and power up. You should get the "xk" cureor in a
few seconds. Execute PRINT PERK 16988 + 256 x PEEK 16369. This should give
you 32768, If this works, power off, remove the 43256 SRAM ond perform the
‘pigy-back" modification ehowa in FIGURE 4. Inetall the “piggy-back” SRAKs
thto the 28 pin socket and connect up the top SRAMs’ CS wire to the 7415145
‘ac shown in FIGURE 3. Power up and execute one at a tino;

1)POKE 16388, 255
2)POKE 16989, 255
3)NEW

‘PRINT PEEK 16388 + 256 * PEEK 16369

This should give you 65595....... INTERNALLY! Make sure that switch S1 is
off (open), You can mount $1 anywhere you have room for in the case.

‘The SRAMs are available from MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED for $14.95

‘each plus $6 second day Federal Express delivery. They don't have a minimum —-
Gtdar’restriction and can be reached at (O10)207-4961. 1 would expect the [ppp y rey eo)
price to drop another two to four dollars by the time this article is in ds dyed dh Fb hep) soer am
int. i y Pim,
: ‘Tim Stoddard we
88-48 66th Road 43256 SKM
Rego Fark, BY 11974 (ax xe a7)
CompuServe 73127, 2664

cisven Wallen: Giiey, pile the stones,
ns Ge | OU Ce es
SAL, It's easier to count! "|

A STUDY IN NUMBERS

by Syd Wyncoop

whieh
nature.
‘

but, the truth of the
‘stand any language other
Than the assembly language of the Central Procesaii
Ri"ianguages and henes, all prograns are stored in the computer
‘Look, for a moment, at your Sinclair
Character tables. ‘The Basic command PRINT is r

do not need to learn asseably programing to use our
‘Gait (CPU). computers however, understanding the numbers and why different

Bases are used will help us be more efficient programmers in the
Tanguage of our choice. Of course, many of you ay have desired
ly the nusber fo know Bore about machine code and been afraid to tackle it,

Gus. Since ell prograns are numbers, it behooves us to know a After all, those long Hex (whatever that is) dumps in the
jout them, I don't know about you but, I hat agaaines seldom make sense. Or maybe you have seen those
Hexidecinal nunbers and wondered why anyone would resort to such
except asseably, are motterings! If this discribes you, then perhaps the following
fiign level languages cone study can be of help.

We are going to attempt to thoroughly understand three
nunber systems or bases as they are properly called. There is
fore run quicker than interpreted fourth base, Ootal, which I will not discuss here as you will
gen are interpreted into asseably Seldom encounter {t. Octal will be found in the programming

28

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haven't given it much thought since school. No,I wont say how
by chip, manufactures and cus be, useful hovever, a
_qitheut 1t for this study, Rach base will one ago) thet was

jely however, I will make ref.

‘the one we all use dalley:

‘Binary (Base 2)

jocinal (Base iow for the hard stuff, Binary, (bin), or
Besinal (Bese.29) our discussion sf the test’ par

‘The first 12 Doctnal (deo), or bate 10 nunbers. We are ait Binary ausbers with the digits

fantliar with decimal as we use

2. Following
ent.

tein

‘Az 4m our previous example, 1011 really means:

ee sama
21s a= 2

nat you may mot recat ia, each column represents 19 (the
base)raised to the pot ‘the number of the colu

Total= 11 decimal
Follow throug! : that 1234 decimal
really means? Now you know why. we count in, decimal! You thought {twas

because we have ten fingers. Inagine having
ch hand. Binary would then seem as
éifficulty with this, go bac!
on decimal and compare it with this ons. Only the bi
West you have, just, learned is how to convert binary, to
Totals 1234 decimal. ‘ocedure for converting decimal to binary 1s

siatler. Brietiy, divide your munber by the Largest sever of to

Study this carefully as it is the easiest example we will hot Larger than Your nuaber, You continue this’ process with

have and it must be understood or the rest will really seem Like successive: powers of two until you

ay

Greek to you. at which tine there. shold not, be
Defore continuing: it bears mentioning that all bases are to right) a] when the division s2
8 gits @ to Base ‘therefore

possible, Using our example of

nutiple of a power of the base, Result
io'ataie cen be a ter “than Basert ‘boca

gauss the Base soarzy to the’ ne Po Bor

Tastan and carry | to next column. ALL of

this ahould be fanitiar to you bet If you'are like ser 18

29

4B

remainder 1 101
5, 2°@=1 and 1/1=1 remainder @ 1012
8. We have now converted 11 decimal to 1011 binary

Sone of you may be wondering what the point of all this 1
After all I barely passed math in school, why bother with this
Bow? The point is, while decimal is more comfortable for us
humans, binary better represents how our computer ‘thinks’.

‘Ad explanation of the CPU is in order, This is background
only to give you some understanding why the ‘smart’ computer
Goesn't understand decimal. The CPU (which ts the 200 in our
Sinclatrs) is serely s collection of transisters and transisters

simply electronic switches. For those of you who know
Better, please bear with me, ay end will justify the extrene
over simplification, We all know that a switch can either be on
or off. Binary allows us to represent the on/off
end fero, respectively, Not quite perfect but it work:

Most binary mimbers you will see, will have eight digits or
sone multiple thereof, This 4s accomplished by padding out the
Aumber with leading zeros. For instance, 1011 binary would
hormally be written as 00001011b.
diets (bite)

The reason for eight Binary
‘that eight bits make one byt

What your neighbors" dog puts on you. A byte
‘of your CPU. A Word ts the nunber of bite

sen}
Mork directly in binary.due to the di
Sorrest, which leads us to the next base:
Hexadecimal (Base 18)
Now that we have

of the three nusber
Gsed because it works very well

digits and soneone far wi
our dilenna, The digits
‘The sixtesn hex digits
1D, Ea Fe
‘Now that we have the digits, we need to recogni
taken by hex pumbers, Just as binary are usually eight digits
Jong, hex numbers are always two (or sone multiple of two)
‘counting in hex as follows:

+ +A,0B, 00,00, 08,08,
HID), 1F,

‘now 8, 1, 2,

‘A close look at the hex to decimal conversion chart will
make this much clearer.

‘You may ccoasionnily see hex nunbers that have an odd
number of digits. The first digit will be a zero and the second
@ letter, such as OFFh. I do not use a leading zero however, be
Guare sone assenblers sequire it, therefore you say see it.

‘There le no need to go into the math needed to convert
between hex and decimal as the chart provided will serve
purpose much better, easier and faster. Those of you inter’
Tn working out the details need only follow the exasples for
Gecimel and binary. Keep in mind the base is now 1
therefore, the columns of digits will represent on
two hundredfitty-sixes, etc.

‘All this brings us to what I mean by
for binary and the reason we are
look at the hex to binary conversi
obvious. You can readily

|) sixtosns,

x being a shorthand
fh Antereated in hex. A close
‘chart will make this more

four bite is.

‘a nybble). Could I sake this up? Therefore, we can
‘any eight bit byte with only two hex digits,

‘You may recognize that this is not that much better then
decimal however, decimal cannot be converted to binary with the
Sane case as hex. Also, nusbers larger than 255 will really
SfEEts sone headaches that hex helpe solve (more on this in a

‘Re now know how to write numbers in three bases,
dectnal,binary, and hex. In order to avoid confusion we need te
eke a proper designation of each. You should always sutfix all

(iesda1eep) and all hex numbers with
Ty, you may see'e 'd” suffix on decimal
‘not needed as decimal is the default, We
weil do this even though soe numbers cen obviously only be hex
fou must always be careful to follow this notation or you
te unnecessary confusion for all,
You should take some time to practice using all the charts.
Also, practice simple arithmetic in each base (add, sub, mult &
div): You can use the charts to check your answers. Before lon
You will be thinking in hex and binary as easily as you now do
in decimal.

Ok, let’s look at how nusbers larger than 265 ai
and handled by the CPU.

‘That's twice I mentioned 265 without an explanation. The
reason 255 15'@ magic munber is because it is base-l for base
256 numbers. ‘Rot going to boggle your mind with this number
syste as i¢ 42 not needed by us. only the CPU uses it.

Th'the world does the silly CPU ws 2067 Let's go back to
‘bytes and related whatevers. Resesber,

stored

30 Tex Siatt and up for second hex Gi4it, For exanbl

Wo can actually store numbers between @ and 65535 by tieing
two bytes together. This is done by the CPU automatically to
Honerate addresses. The second byte is increased by a factor of
286 ae this ie the number that generates a carry out of the
first byte, For example:

Acteana eet
+ 1

1p0080000

Remember, 1¢1 binary = @ and carry 1 Just as 941 docs in
elf to see how the

‘eooeee 1
tach byte 1s padded out to eight digits. Since our number 1s now
Eizggee bate Tong, che iargest nuaber wo cen store te 216-1 or

‘You can now see why wo need a shorthand for binary
33 At is too.

either. If you decide to learn an
probably only use binary when working with the logic
Tistructions. You may find 4t interesting that early programners
had to use only binery numbers and they were entered from
panel of switches instoad of a Keyboard. Today, using machine
Code 4s duck soup and hex is much easier to work with.

What did I'mean, ‘tie two bytes together and incronse one
of then by a factor of 2667" Let's assume our number is stored
{a byte 1 and byte 2. The formula to recover our sunber

Peck byte 1 + Peck byte 2 * 256

Looks @ little familiar? You probably have seen something
similiar before and 4id not know what was happening, The byte wo
{herease by the factor of 266 is called the high byte which
nakes the other byte the low byte, Using high/low nomeclature
Sur formula becomes!

Peck low byte + Peek high byte * 256

One pecularity designed into the CPU is thet contrary to
the number systems we have discussed, the CPU stores the low
byte first. This must be kept in mind or you will not at all got
the results you were trying to achieve. Scan the list of system
variables in your Sinclair manual and use this formula on some
Of the 2 byte variables. ‘The results are the address at which
thet area of memory begins.

Review sone of the areas of your Sinclair anual that did
not make sense before. Especially the chapters on number
Systems, machine code, system variables, memory, and the
appendices, There 18 a wealth of information there however, it
te presented #0 poorly that it may not have made sense before.
Then compare notes with this study and you will be well on the
way to understanding machine code.

Hex/Bin Conversions

et

5 das 9
or A
31 3
rapes c
Bot D
sed zg
et F
any four bits can be

by a single hex digit. For example,
Toieigeb = "Ach.

a
sleet se!

Voter loz tea! ve
Beit ie2i 103! 164! sos! lest tery 109) toe! 2

or ieet seat

‘To use: find your ¢eoinal sumber, follow to left edge for first
ate

NUMBER BASE CONVERTER

‘This is a useful BASIC routine
to do conversions between num-
ber bases. It will run on both
the 2X81 and $2068. I have
included in the listing the
necessary changes for the 7X81
(or 7$1000/TS1500).. The only
other requirement to run on
the ZX81 would be to break the
multi-statement lines into all
single statement lines.

1 BORDER 0: PAPER
Ls
2 ON ERR GO TO 800
3 GO TO 1000
108 REM Decimal to Hex
jecimal number

INK 4: C

LET hh=INT (0/25
6): LET hlsa-hhe256

120 IF hh<l THEN LET h8="09":
GO TO 140

130 LET GO SUB 150
149 LET
15@ LET ni=INT (n/16): LET n2=n
-ni¥16

160 LET h$=h$+(CHRS (n1+46+(7 A
ND n1>9)))+(CHRS (n2+48+(7 AND
n2>8)))

178 RETURN

180 REM 751000 users replace
line 160 with: LET h$=hS+CHRS (
n1+26)+CHRS (n2+28)

200 REM Hex to Decimal

Entry ex number
Exit :a$=hex number

jecimal number
210 LET h$=a$: LET a=0

by Syd Wyncocop
This proerem runs on

the Ts206e8 or the zxe1

220 IF LEN h$<3 THEN GO TO 250

230 GO SUB 258
240 LET a=ax256: LET h$=h8(3 TO

+(CODE h$-48-(7 AND

)
250 LET

h$>"9") )#16+(CODE h$(2)~48-(7 A
ND h(2)>"9"))

260 RETURN

280 REM 181000 users replace
line 250 with: LET a=a+(CODE hs
=28)*16+(CODE h$(2)-28)

30 REM Decimal to Binary

IF n>255 THEN LET n=INT (n/25
6): LET ni=a-ne256: GO SUB 360:

TO @ STEP -1
74 THEN LET b$(8-i)

428 FOR =n TO @ STEP -1
1" THEN LET a=a+

440 LET vacbs(2 TO ): NEXT 4
450 RETURN

500 REM Set Decimal Tabs
518 LET t=4

520 LET T=T-(1 AND A>1000)-(1
AND A>1008)-(1 AND A>100)-(1 AN
D A>1@)

530 RETURN

800 REM Error Trap

819 PRINT #0; "Invalid Entry--Pl
ease Try Again”: PAUSE 150

828 GO TO 1030

1008 REM Main Loop

1010 PRINT ''TAB 8; “NUMBER CONVE
RTER"***

120 PRINT “Be sure to append a

*B’ or ’H’"’"to all binary and
hexidecimal”'"entries, respecti
vely.”'’ "There is no suffix req

uired for decimal numbers, as t

hey are thedefault.

1030 POKE 23658,8: INPUT AT G,

“Type number and press ENTER’

LINE a$: LET n=LEN as

1040 IF a$(n)="D"

$(_ TO n-1): GO

1080 IF a$(n)

$( TO n-1): GO SUB 208: GO TO 1

680

1060 IF a$(n)="B" THEN

$( TO n-1): GO SUB 400:

280

1070 LET A=VAL AS

1988 GO SUB 120: GO SUB 320: GO

SUB 500

1090 PRINT AT 16,|
Bin"!

Dec Hex

1100 PRINT AT 18,T3a;TAB 8;h$;"h
*3TAB 15;b8;"b"

111 GO TO 1930

9990 MOVE “NumConv.bas”,1

Beginning Z80 Machine Code

Last time we covered
over it. If you did not understand
insructions, don’t worry. You can
for now, You should however make
Anstructions, And, Or and Xor, lon
useful.

sty

‘You will also need to review my article on number systems,
wiven there. For’ this
Tid not give much explanation of Binary in the

thorough explanation of Binary is

jot of ground by

‘along’ fine. without “thes
you hover over the logical
pough,

LESSON EIGHT
By Syd Wyncocop

four bits, much the
This meal

=e

BOD ts a method of repres

git (@-F) can ey

‘any sing!
that, 15BCD 1s O@010101b in binary digits and not the
usual 990011110 that w

representations, Lock again, this 1s because there can be no

would normally find in "binary

joe instructions that are off in the
first is Nop, which is. read No
St doen't do. anything.

sto fix our errors. You
with a Nop, by direct pokeing,
Istkon of code.

jecumulator. We have briefly
entioned conplesenting & fev tines, The result is to tnvere ali
its. For exasple, assune the accusulator contains 1011i011b.
Atte: complenenting, “the accumlator will contain 10001005

Neg wi! ‘conplenent) the accumulator. Negating
Value of 10I1101i in the. eceumatee wilt syie
21000101b. Creating the two's complenent of a number is done.
complementing the nuaber and adding one. Neg Performs this
‘operation on the contents of the accumulator. Any number plus
its two's complement will equal ero.

‘The last instruction ts Daa which means Decimal Adjust
Accumulator, This instruction works in conjuction with, the Rid
and Rrd instructions from last lesson. As I stated then, I) have
not found a good use for these instructions. Iwill however give

fg brlet description ‘of Purpose, as you may encounter

Daa adjusts the accumulator for Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
‘addition and subtraction operations. In order to understand Daa
and its rotates, we need to understand BCD,

cs)

‘Therefore, Daa will check the half-carry £11
Yo adjust the binary result, back to a decit
advantage to BCD, that T
Fetrieval of

As'T have sai, I do not subscribe to the philosophy that
BOD 18 a necessary or useful tool. Therefore, I will dwell on it
po longer. You can find texts on the subject, if you are

lesson (Tin

sors

Snemonics to asseable the binary instructions that are under
stood by the CP

The first is
od example is Hot-2 by
Little more difficult
Cin “place as you
is that it is not as

ay to move and re-address large sections of code.

‘The second type will generate an ASCII source code file in
addition to the assembled HG. Source code is much 1ik ter
you sight type on your word processor. It is an ASCII encoded
Eile containing ell the labels and mnemonics you type into it,

‘as well as psoud Te a loss of speed and
Alec space, as there are tvo files to handle. Mach of this is
offset by the gain in flexibility to change the code as well a:

Ality to comment the source code file. The addition of
‘Benefit in helping yourself remeber what it
ja the code to do. The best example is Zeus by

Crystal Computing.
T use Hot-Z and Zous regularly and fool they. #3
available for the 2058, Hot-z is the only assembler available

the best

for the 751000. I have several for the 791000 that put tho
Enenonics in REM statements, but none of they work very well.

‘A ponent ago I mentioned pseudo-ops. These will vary as to
avatiabiiity with your assembler and will be detailed in the
fastruction manual, Pseudo-ops are ler directives, not
Bnenonics, ‘They teil the assembler important things
of assenbiy. They do not generate any HC instructions
Bot executable by the 280.

‘Typical paeudo-ops are:

fo End or the next Org

Vldefines an amount of bytes to be

i
the current address
Getines the contents of the current bytes

the stated ASCIT string

There are any more pseudo-ops,

but these are the most

followed by a colon.

Consents are Just that and are preceded by = semi-colon.
‘They pay appear at the end of a line, to explain that
instruction, oF on & Line by themselves.

Wow, our utility for this lesson. Those of you using the
761000 will particularly appreciate this one. It will genorat
2 line O Ren statement of the size specified. You need only type

‘The first will load the length of the desired Ren statement
into the aystem variable, Seed. No formatting or conversions
Feauired by you. The second statement will run the routine from
the loaded address.

Watch the source carefully, as it will run on both the the
‘re1009 end 782088, but there are some lines that are unique to
Sach computer, Also, it mast be loaded and run from above ramtop
‘Or you will confuse the poor CPU

Rea Statement
GonRem Ld HL, (Seed)
Tne BL

y Rom routine
781900 only--address to put Rex

Gall 12558

14 A,Téh
{4 A,@Dh
Ua (BED,A

Xor &

last byte of the new line
AB.

Correct the pointer

oad high byte of Line nusber

Tadjust pointer
foad low byte of Line length
‘adjust pointer

‘load high byte of line length

seleared out

[a BC,(Seed) get Length of space modo
loop Kor A ike, you could tse Ld A,x, where
Tne BL
La (BL).A
Dec BC fadjust counter
La a. iana test 4 BC=0
Or ¢
Jz Nz, Loop Hoop to. ol
Done Ret. Hretura to

Early in this series, I promised to show you an easy way to
‘and fond your MC rantop on the TSi@00. Since we now
fave a routine that mast run there, this seems like a good tine
to keep ny promise.

Make the following changes to the hex loader from lesson

80 Let As="210C40098"

70 Rem insert your own MC string of hex digits
Between the quotes in line 68 and end tho
string with ans!

‘The secret to remember is that AS contains all the HC as
string of hex digits, You mus
type & New command, before re-losding your saved g
Ieseon we will learn the blook instructions, You will be amazed
at the difference in speed!

yt Famtop and

And now, a special little

utility, for the 51000. The
‘752968 has

‘nice graphics commands. This routine will
‘eaulate the Flash comand on the TS1000 by flashing the entire
screen, Till leave the modification of {t to you, for flashing
one or more characters.

ilash Screen
Flash 4 BL, (D-File)

‘ion
Outre

get start of D-File
Tine count,
step over EOL marker

2h Heharacter count
Tanrlp Ud A, (BL) (get character
‘42a A, 8h
La (ub), A
7 Heavance character pointer

check if line complete snd loop
Hit not

Feount Line done

‘check if soreen complete and
loop if not

iretarn to Basic

Deo ¢
Sr NZ, Outrup

Ret

‘This routine can be called from your Basic prograns with =
Rand Usr address, . The following will demonstrate:

Rand Usr Flash
20 Pause 50
30 Goto 18

I hope you find these routines useful.
Lessons to £0 and we will be done with the 200 instruction
You should now be able to write your own HC routines. I believe
the only way you cen learn MC is to use it, so get stuabling!

G@L@LGLG@LQ@LG@LGLGLGLGLGL@GL@QLaLaL

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The next step is to show you, IN DETAIL, the SEDIT or

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32

“THREAD SPOOLING”

WITH THE

CUMANA QL. DISK DRIVE INTERFACE

by Joe Newman

‘They call it the “bargain” interface, or the
"economy" interface. I prefer not to refer to it as
this, because of the negative conotations of the words
"bargain" or "economy". Sure the Cumana is the cheapest
disk drive interface (along with the cst) for the QL,
but it is more than just a disk interface.

Before I got my first Cumana interface, I didn't
realize the power potential for this little black de-
vice. Only when I started looking through the nicely
printed manual at the EXTRA COMMANDS that the interface
adds to SuperBASIC, did I start to realize the Cumana's
potential. I started to examine this potential, and
discovered a few very interesting things.

In this article, we'll examine a useful and easy
to use feature of the Cumana know as "Print Spooling".
Print Spooling allows you to send a file to a "spool",
which will then send all files on the spool to the
printer. The printing is a background job on the Ob...in
ether words, files print out while you still have com
plete control of SuperBASIC. This can save much time,
especially if you have some long files to print out. You
can send a file to the spool, and the file will be
printing out while you are typing in some program lines!
You are no longer limited to the buffer of your printer!

The example program I have made is for printing out
fore than one QUILL (QL Wordprocessor) file. Imagine
that you have five or six letters to type, but don't
wish to wait for each letter to print out while you type
the next one. To use my program, you just PRINT your
letters to disk, then use my program to print out all
the letters at once, at your convenience.

In order to print a file to disk, first type your
article, letter, or whatever, then choose the print
comand in Quill (Hit F3, then P). Now hit ENTER twice
only! The prompts that you press ENTER to are: Current,
and Whole. Now instead of hitting ENTER for printer,
type in a name (such as “letterl"), then hit ENTER. You
file will now be stored on disk in the exact format as
if it were printed out. In order to be able to use my
Print spooling program, you MUST print all files you
wish to spool to disk in that manner.

Once you have completed your typing and are ready
to print your letters, load my program into your QL. RUN
it and the following will happen: you will be asked
“Nunber of files to print?". Enter the total number of
files you wish to print at that time. You will then be
asked "Drive to use (1 or 2)". Enter the number of the
drive your disk with the files is in. You can enter
a number greater than 2 if you have more than 2 drives.
Next you are warned that any file which is spooled
CANNOT be removed from the spool until it prints. There
is no way to stop the printing of a file unless you
reset the Ql. So make sure you print the right files.
Now you will be asked to enter the name of the file you
wish to spool. Just enter the filename itself; the drive
name and extension LIS will be automatically added (the
HS extension is added by Quill to all files which are
printed to disk). Your disk should “whir" and the
printer will start printing. If your printer was off,
you can still turn it on now and you will not loose any
data.

Let's now examine the program in more detail.
Notice in Line 50 the FLP EXT? This tells your Cumana
interface that you wish to enable the extra commands. If
this is not entered first, entering any of the extra
commands will just return a bad line error report. Line
70 had the statement: DATAUSE DR$. This tells the

META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS, 726 WEST 17TH, VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, SZ 179

‘META REDIA PRODUCTIONS, 726 WEST 17TH, VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

4+ FRACTAL- Mathenatically based 6r:

to find your files. DR$ will just be equal to FLP1_ or
PLP2_ (or whatever drive you entered). Line 110 is the
spool control...SPL NS. Yep, that's all there is to it!
The N$ is just the name of your file (with the LIS ex-
tension added). To spool any file, just type SPL and the
name of the file. The DATA USE statement specifies which
drive to access for the file. After you have entered all
your file names, the printer will be printing, and the
flashing red cursor will be on the screen. Yes, you can
now use your QL for other purposes, even while it is
printing! Try loading a new program while something is
being printed...it will work fine. The only real limit-
ation to how much can be spooled or done while spooling
is being carried out, is your QL's memory. If you have
several large files being printed, you may not be able
to load a new program, although you will still have
control.

To check on the status of the spooled files, you
can enter JOBS and a list of all your spooled files will
appear on the screen in the order in which they were
spooled. Suppose you send three files to be spooled:
filel, file2, and file3. If filel is currently being
printed, and you decide you don't want to print file2
and/or £ile3, you can remove them by typing RJOB and the
number under the "Job Number" column, a comma, the
number under the "Job Tag" column (after entering JoBs),
another comma, and a 0, This will remove that file from
the spool. The following is an example of what is dis-
played when JOBS is used

JOB TAG OWNER PRIORITY
° ° 9 32
1 10 1
s 3 8 1 SPL
3 4 a. 1

continued.

ceaeeueensansaeensseecsuseceseansseeseusensasncasnsnteseseaeeaseceessaneneseess

ETA MEDIA PRODUCTIONS Announces for the OL
cs generator aodelled after Mandelzo0e
-Fl tb Fixed point calculation. Fixed point is 181 faster!!
= Theee different functions included: Handelzoon, Peanarose & Circle*2
7 Uptional screen coepression, Zoos, Recolour, Flip, Buap graphics screens
ROHOM - Eproe based Monitor with sany features: User defined windows, 3 default
= screens. Disassenble to any channel. List all Functions & Procedures with
~ addresses, Trace & Disasseable ode. List all channels open, with device
= Grivers, Complete Job Control. 4 Breakpoints, 1 Sticky Breakpoint
= Features 24 prisary comsands. Supplied on an epron card for the ROM port.
LING & complete teleconmnications package for t atures Taoden, ASCIT
= fille transfer, Hayes, Avates, compatible. Integral editor for docusent
= creation; allows you to edit the capture buffers aakes it easy to upload
jownloaded info; siaply aark the block & save or ASCII transfer it.Signon
= aussages, AuctoDial, Redial, Edit Phone List, signons, default devices.
= 300, 1208 baud operation. Cones with Unsqueeze, Delibrarying utilities.
Botton Lines: FRACTAL-On adv or diskispecify tpi) for US#19.95 + $2.88 shipping
RONON Supplied on a plug in ROM card For USHS4.95 + $2.08 shij
LINK Oo ady oF diskispecify tpi) for US#I9.95 + $2.88 shipping
VST +

EU ULeTUUeeH HEHE reneeanan

Cumana which drive will be accessed by the spool command 33

20 REMark © 10-31 1986
30 REMark BY JOSEPH NEWMAN rz

40 CLS
50 FLP_EXT (ys)
{ys

60 INPUT “Number of filés to print?” }x = d

70 INPUT "DRIVE TO USE (1 OR 2)”;DRIVE:DR$="FLP”2DRIVE&”_":DATA_USE DR$:CLS

80 FOR loop=1 TO x

90 STRIP O:INK 2:AT O,10:PRINT “WARNING!” :STRIF

nt to the spool it CANNOTbe ‘removed or stopped!”
0 INPUT "PLEASE ENTER FILE NAME.... (no ext

ne

INK 7:PRINT “Once & file is se

drivenecessary)” jn$:in$=n$&"_L15’

I strongly suggest you do the following: Load the
INSTALL BAS program for Quill. Choose EDIT to edit your
9 END FOR loop current printer driver, then change or add the POSTAMBLE
140 PRINT "SPOOLING COMPLETE.” CODE to the code for a form feed on your printer. Then
INSTALL this printer driver again. The form feed will
now be sent after every file is printed to make sure
printing for each file starts on a new page.

If you have any questions or problems you can
contact me at: 325 West Jersey Street #2D, Elizabeth, NJ
07202.

Sharp’s, Inc.
Rt. 10, Box 459
Mechanicsville, VA 23111
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697

COMPARE OUR PRICES!

QL Computer $189.00 Adventure Writing System $ 32.95
512k RAM-Miracle $148.95 Tank Busters $ 24.95
768k RAM + Disk I/F $299.95 Dragon Hold $ 24.95
Memodisk (512k & Disk I/F) $269.95 Super Charge $ 69.95
Dual Quad-Density Disk Drives $259.95 Q-Liberator $ 64.95
Modapter Plus $ 49.95 Advanced User Guide $ 27.95
Centronics I/F $ 32.95 Microdrive Cartridges (setof4) $ 8.95
Task Master $ 35.95 Schon Keyboard $ 89.95

Front Page-Desk Top Publishing $ 29.95

VISA & MASTERCARD ACCEPTED WITH 3% SURCHARGE. ALL PRICES INCLUDE SHIPPING.
WRITE FOR OUR NEW 6th EDITION CATALOG.

SeOK KKK «6©6SMART TEXT TS-—-2O6G8 KKK K

kx A complete Administrative package: | Word processor, Data base
manager, Mail List, Full text editor, Automatic printer, Automatic
formatter. Perfect letters or manuscripts in multiple copies. Hail List
for personal form letters. Repeat print 5 page reports. Desk top
publishing. Friendly, Menu Driven, no command keys to learn, Crash Proof.

¥4X Use with ALL Parallel Interfaces, Printers. Second program included
for use with OS-64 Cart (64 Col Screen).

¥¥* Disk Versions for Aerco FD and Oliger V2-12.

444 Satisfaction Guarantee. $39.95 Check or M/O, Gulf Micro, 1317
Stratford Ave, Panama City, FL 32404. Specify type interface, for
Cassette or Disk Drive, Inquiries welcome.

34

QL ABACUS/SFPREADSHEET

“TIPS

PART I

Mike

QL Abacus (OL Spreadsheet or GL-SS in
its stateside version) is Psion Ltd.'s
excellent spreadsheet program “bundled” with
the GL. In the unlikely event you're unsure
of Just what such a program can do for you,
a "spreadsheet” program facilitates the
rapid entry of text, data, and formulas into
the program and then provides automatically
calculated results. Spreadsheet programs

are Frequently called upon to answer the
question “what if?" regarding long and
complex calculations: in this case, any one
or

more input values may be changed and the
new result instantly recalculated. Spread-
sheet programs are the second most widely
used computer program after word processor

programs and one big reason for the
Popularity of personal computers today.
Spreadsheets are not neu: the
accountant’s worksheet, the navigator’s log,
the builder's list of materials, and
Calendars and schedules of all types are

forerunnners of the concept.

QL Abacus is one of the best spread-
sheet programs--certainly one of the easiest
to learn and use--and has few limitations.
Some other spreadsheet programs have more
rows and columns (QL Abacus provides 255
rows and 6% columns-~16,320 cells); some
have more directly usable commands and
functions CQL Abacus could do with more
preset statistical functions); and some are
more fully integrated with database and

other programs, but QL Abacus has enough of
everything required for almost any appli-
cation.

GETTING STARTED HITH QL ABACUS

You can plan a spreadsheet on your com-
puter screen, on plain paper, or on some
type of graph or tabular paper. When you
plan it, give thought to the export Formats
used to transfer data to the other “bundled”
programs, particularly QL Easel (Business
Graphics). Get your data and formulas onto
the spreadsheet and verify your results
without worrying too much about appearance

(tabulation, justification, column width,
labels, etc.). All of the latter may be
taken care of later, if needed. You will

usually be looking for a bottom-line result,
and you only get points for neatness if the
result is to be printed or otherwise
displaued.

I won't go into the description of the

GL Abacus screen, see the QL User Guide,

my
new book available through joor
run it up on your monitor--it is similar in

appearance to other QL software programs.
Enter data or a formula at the cursor
location by typing it on the input line and
keying ENTER (the program will automatically
distinguish between data and Formula); enter
text by First typing a single or double
quotation mark Cit is not necessary to end
text with a quotation mark). Data entered
will appear at the cursor position; Formulas

will not--only their result. Text will be
continued beyond the cell boundary, if
necessary.

SS cases, getting printouts at

by
de Sosa
A stumbling block for -many Abacus users
is the concept of relative (the norm) and
absolute cell references, the cell reference
being the grid coordinates of the cell.
Abacus assumes a relative reference, that
is, if you enter the formula Al*A2 in cell
AZ and then ECHO this formula in cells B3,

C3, and D3, the formulas in each cell will
be as follows:

CELL 43 B3 c3 D3
FORMULA Al*A2 B1*B2 Cisc2 D1*D2
Prefix cell references with a 'S’ symbol if
they are intended to be absolute, for
example,

CELL a3 B3 c3 03
FORMULA SA1*SAZ SA1*SA2 SAl*sAz SAL*SAZ

Cell references may be mixed, For example,

CELL Aa
FORMULA $Al*Az

B3
sa1*B2

ca
sA1*Cc2

03
sai*De

and the 'S' can be used with labels used as
cell references, for example, StMay.sales.
Another stumbling block for spreadsheet
novices is the use of formulas. Formulas
are distinguished from data in that they
always begin with either a cell reference or
an Abacus Function: Al+A2 entered in cell AS
is a formula, as is INTC1+A2). Formulas may

be difficult to understand and even more
difficult to invent; following are some
tips:

1) Break down complex formulas into

more readily understandable segments and
then link these together

2) Use more than one cell to carry out
more complex operations

3) Use labels to designate cell
references

4) Learn to use and interpret the
“formula” printout version of the Print

command sequence.

Some applications require that some or
all formulas be stripped from a spreadsheet,

leaving the resultant values in place. The
easiest way to do this as Follows:

1) Note the cell reference and unit
type Cthat is, decimal, monetary, etc.) of
the cells from which the formulas are to be
removed

2) Save the original spreadsheet

3) Begin a new spreadsheet

4) Enter zero (0) plus the correct

unit type in each cell

5) Save the new spreadsheet
6) Load the original spreadsheet
7) Merge the new spreadsheet with the
old.
You now have the original spreadsheet with

the desired formulas removed,
raw numbers in those cells.
Another hangup with QL Abacus users is
getting printouts of spreadsheets to appear
the way they want them to Cor, in some
all). Format-

leaving just

ting the screen presentations of spread-
sheets does not appear the main problem.

The method of specifying instructions
to the printer recommended by the QL User
Guide and other books and articles Ci.e.,
use of the CHRC) function in the grid? has
significant limitations:

1) It may cause displacement of text or
data on the printout

2) It cannot be used to specify the
typeface of the upper grid border

3) It is time consuming and bothersome.
There are better ways: the PREAMBLE,
POSTAMBLE, and TRANSLATE sections of the QL
Abacus printer driver may be modified using
INSTALL_BAS to do this automatically or more
simply. I recommend that you produce three
printer drivers CPRINTER_DAT Files): one for
PICA, ELITE, and CONDENSED typeface pitch;
that you include these on your working copy
of the QL Abacus program cartridge as
PRINTER1_DAT, PRINTER@_DAT, and PRINTER3_DAT
and that you select which you will use from
the GL Abacus program using the ‘Delete’ and

‘Backup’ options of the Files command
sequence. First, “Delete” MmDU1_PRINTER_~
DAT; then, ‘Backup’ your selection as
MDU1_PRINTER_DAT using a command such as
"Backup MDY1_PRINTER3_DAT as
MDU1_PRINTER_DAT” from the Files command
sequence.

Modify your printer drivers in the

Following way:

1) Reset the GL, key Fi, then place a
working copy of QL Abacus in Microdrive 1

2) COPY MDUI_PRINTER_DAT TO MmDV1_~
PRINTER1_DAT (this is PICA, 10cpi, pitch)

3) Key in and enter LRUN MDU1_INSTALL-
BAS

4) Select EPSON FX-80 and make a
screen copy of it by keying Fl

5) Give the file a new name, e.g,
"print3cond” and modify the PREAMBLE by
keying in and entering the the following:

27, ,27,°R,0,27,71,15
(this sets up CONDENSED, 17cpi, pitch?
6) Modify the POSTAMBLE by keying and
entering
27,72,18 {resets PICA pitch?

7) Enter the Following codes in TRANS~
LATE 2 to S, respectively:

°0,27,45,2 {sets underline on)
*3,27,45,0 {sets underline off?
*~,27,69 {sets emphasis on?

"\,27,70 {sets emphasis off?

(this establishes symbols which produce the
indicated printed result--~ is the tilde?

6) Install PRINTER_DAT by keying FS

7) Exit INSTALL_BAS and return to
SuperBASIC mode

@) COPY MDU1_PRINTER_DAT TO mov1_—
PRINTER3_DAT

9) Reset the QL and repeat the pro-
cedure From step 3, if you desire to set up
a printer driver for ELITE type. (PREAMBLE
code 27,,27,°R,0,27,66,2; POSTAMBLE 16)

Solutions, Inc.

‘SENI-ANMUEL TRANSPORTATION COSTS 1/1987
NONUUNSNUUTIOCSNUSNUN ONO SON UOON ONO

SolTC187 January February March fpril May dune Totals
Leasing seo0 3400-3400 -3400- 32005200 20400
Labor 2400-2400 ©2400-2700» 2700= 270015300
Fuel 9240 9800995010200 10600» 9700 59490

Overhead 650687690 bh BO 00ST
Total Costs 15890 16487 16840 1696017180 1629099247

Niles 72600 75000 7800077500 79000 74900 435000,
Gallons 400 7000» -7100««6800 7100680041100
16 11.00 10.71 10,70 11,40 1113 11,52 11.08
MPDOLLAR «457 S52 AST AO

‘BOTTOM LINE: BUDGET $102,400 COSTS $99,247 SURPLUS $3,153
2H os/se/1967
Figure i

Figure 1 is an actual-size printout of
a QL Abacus spreadsheet, including grid
borders, in condensed, double-struck
typeface (17 characters-per-inch). Note
that the top line is in expanded typeface
and the title underlined. The only way to

specify the typeface pitch of the upper grid
border is by modifying the PREAMBLE of the
printer driver using INSTALL_BAS.

MEH QL QUILL PRODUCT: QL TURBOQUILL

The GL software programs are now
orphans. Psion Ltd. does not intend to
upgrade them. But we have seen many upgrade
programs that are “patched” with QL Quill or
multitasked with it to make it better, KEY-
DEFINE, GSPELL, Q_CALC, CAPS LOCK
indicators, etc., are some examples. But
the most | important QL Quill accessory
program to date is Athene Consultents’ GL
TURBOQUILL. This subtle "patch” to QL Quill
reduces the "mass” of the cursor--only a
white underscore and overscore mark
remain--permitting--wonder of wonders—
significant speed-up of many
operations. Copy and Erase
all other cursor movements, are made much
more rapid. QL TURBOGUILL works with
KEYDEFINE and TASKMASER, and GL TURBOQUILL+
(with CAPS LOCK indicator and other
enhancements will soon be available-I'11 let
you know whend. Order QL TurboQuill from
Athene Consultants, 33 Holly Grove, Fareham
Hants. PO16 7UP, England, UK (Tel. C0329]
282083) For #11.20 (about $19). Specify your
version of Quill when ordering.

a
screen
operations, and

FINAL TIP

Did you know that you can speed-up QL
Quill and other GLsoftware program operation

significantly by merely keying Fe and
removing the prompt section at the top of
the screen? Try it, you’ll like it.

WEXT TIME: QL Abacus "Tips," Part II,

“Everything you ever wanted to know about
about OL Abacus Functions and Formulas” plus

4G more new QL products information.

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FROM TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY

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Sept/Oct 86
GREAT BOOKS FOR YOUR SINCLAIR Nov/Dec 86 Vol, 3 | The Best of TIME DESIGNS
Volume 1
OFFICIAL 2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL. x Jan/Feb 87 $10.00

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Taking the Quantum Leap. Volume 2 Package
by Mike de Sosa.

TS 2068 Technical Manual

7 Control Things With Your
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Things” 2X81: Programming for Real
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or or your favorite QL dealer. If he doesn’t have it, ask why!

i)
oO

the

CLASSIFIED

FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS

FOR SALE: 2040 Printer at $25; and
20 Timex cassettes plus 2 others
at $25 for all. Like new, all with
instructions/original boxes. 207
Fairway Dr., Mechanicsburg, PA
17055 or (717) 766-0451.

FOR SALE: TS1000 in metal cabinet
with keyboard, Westridge modem,
herco C.P. Interface, Memotech 64K
RAM. Send for complete hardware &
software list to: Richard Beier,

1 Darwin Dr., N. Merrick, NY 11566.

FOR SALE: BYTE BACK Centronics
Interface for the 2068. $70 ppd.
UPS. Ted Dupar, 21696 Cabrosa,
Mission Viejo, California, 92691.

FOR SALE: TS2068 Computer- $75,
Sakata SC-100 Monitor= $200. Many
other items (2040 Printer, Rotronic:
Wafadrive, Rainbow I/F, software

on wafer & cassette, computer desk) J)
All items sold “as is". Write for |}
complete list: John Solonsky Jr, \
2410 Prinston, Alamogordo, NM,

88310 or (505) 437-8636. ’

SALE: TS1000 (no TV switch) $17;
Qv wall adapter $6; 16K expander
$20; 2040 Printer $40; manuals,
Ne texts, books, 2068 programs,
etc., for info- SASE to: P. Dupre,
10 Charlotte Ave., Southhampton,
PA 18966.

SINCUS NEWS- $8/yr=6 issues. TS2068
oriented user group newsletter.
Mail check to SINCUS, 1229 Rhodes
Rd., Johnson City, NY 13790; a
non-profit amateur users-oriented
group.

SOPTWARE FOR THE 2068. Send SASE
for FREE catalog & price list to:
E. Ray Rash, 2424 S.W. 78th St.,
Oklahoma City, OK 73159.

WANTED: 2068 hardware - disk drive
or A&J, modem, interfaces. Soft~
ware - graphics, tape to disk
conveter, modem s/w, games. Send
your price list. L Biederman, P.O.
Box 5068, Ft McClellan, AL 36205.

FOR SALE: Spring cleaning has
produced too many items in little
space, forcing to sell. Many new
and slightly used items for Timex
Sinclair owners. Hardware and soft-
ware. Send SASE for complete list
and prices. Tim Woods, c/o TIME
DESIGNS, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton,
oR 97017.

FOR SALE: TSUG of Las Vegas has
new, unopened TS1000 and TS2068
software. Send SASE for list and
prices to: Ralph Hammer, 7 Baer
Dr., Las Vegas, NV 89115.

TRADE: A&J (2068) Microdrive with
wafers, for 151000 peripherals,
"unusual" software, or other "what
have you's". Make an offer. Fred
Henn, c/o Rockelman & Henn Pump
Co., Inc., 1333 Military Rd.,
Buffalo, NY 14217.

SPDOS for 40 or 80 TPI Oliger
systems, now available $24.95 +
$1.50 for postage. Write: Cuyahoga
Valley software Works, 615 School
Ave., Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221.

NEED INFO on parallel interface

for TS2068 & Canon S16 Typewriter.
Can anyone out there help? Elmer
Swicord Sc, RR#9, Box 339, Gulfport,
MS 39503, or (601) 896-1307.

WANTED: TS-2050 Modem Manual and
a 2050 Modem case. Dane Stegman,
26 Marshall Ave, Akron, NY 14001.

2X80 (both ROMs); 751000; 16, 32,
64K RAMS; 2 keyboards; parallel
I/F; TRS80 recorder; ZX Printer
(15 rolls of paper); battery b.u.,
MemoCalc; MemoText; cables; soft-
ware-books-mags-manuals-etc. $150.
Kristjan Alfjordsson, 1409 Kuehner
De. #161k, Simi Valley, CA 93063.
SASE for info.

Any Club Librarian interested in
swapping Public Domain program
tapes should contact Algis Georis,
355 Royal Oak Blvd., Richmond Hts.,
OH 44143, (216) 481-8205.

MONEY MACHINE $12, Diamond Mike
$15. 2068 software on Aerco disk
or tape. New/used hard/soft-ware
for 1000 & 2068. 22-cent stamp
for catalog. Chia-Chi Chao, 73
Sullivan Dr., Moraga, CA 94556.

NOWL!! Affordable 4-color HI-RES
plotting for your 2068 and the
Commodore 1520 printer/plotter!
The 1520 is selling for $49.95 &
the I/F hard/software is avail.
from John McMichael, 1710 Palmer
Dr., Laramie, WY 82070. Send SASE
for complete info & sample plot.

FOR TRADE: I would like to trade

ny 3 1/2" SPDOS (Ramex) Ul-2 Master
Disk No.728521 for a 5 1/4" version
of the same, also will trade 2~TERM 64
for MTERM II tape. Telephone (218)
346-2129. After 6pm.

WANTED: 2068 Command Cartridges
(must be in working order with
instructions). Send titles & prices
to P. Bingham, POB 2034, Mesa, AZ
85204.

FOR SALE: Tasman RS232 Serial
interface for TS2068. $30.00 in-
cludes First Class postage and
insurance. Darrell K Strong, 1043
Kinau St., #404, Honolulu, HI
96814

FOR SALE: TS2068 with A&J Micco-
drive, Gorilla Banana printer.
Jmany extras, $150. Guy Nicholson,
|, 40863 Laredo, Cherry Valley, CA
92223. (714) 645-4913.

\

Continued Next Page.

Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in each issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional lines - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line.

DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.

CLASSIFIED

MILLENNIA K USERS: New Utilities-
If Then Else structure checks for
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FOR SALE: TS2068 and Aerco printer
interface; Flight Similator & many
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modem, printer, terminal I/F for
HAM Rtty, CW, Wepax...for $100.
Call: Donn KAOSOH (314) 832-8617

or write: 5814 Minnesota, St. Louis,
ho 63111.

FOR SALE: Alphacom 32 Printer,
W/ interface & power supply $30.
Textwriter 64, Artworx V1.1, Zeus
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for full Aerco W/P. W. Plower,
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NEW SOPIWARE for the TS1000 -
KAPKIT 1000. KK is a great utility
program. Send $14.95 + $1.95 S&H
or SASE for more information. Chucl
Peterson, PO Box 62, Alcester, SD
57001.

FOR SALE: TS1000 programs, 752068,
7S2068 Tech Manual. For list and
prices, send large SASE to D.H.
Berry, 2106 Opal Dr., Orlando, FL
32822.

Subscribe to TIMELINEZ/SincLink!
Get User Group discounts on A&J
Microdrive products. Send $10 to:
SincLink, 6675 Clifford Dr.,
Cupertino, CA 95014 or (408) 253-
3175. SASE for price list.

+r

2a

&
LIBERTY
BUPFALO,

SERVICES

N.Y.

Vilie—-OS34—-1716

=A li
Products

er Write for
Fear

the Timex

TERRACE

14215

a free
Computers.

catalog of

INNOVATION FOR-THE Z2X81/TS1000/TS1500...
C-12, Mountain Station Group Box, Nelson,

S1SyNAHo

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG

BC V1L SP1, CANADA

NEW PRODUCTS

ANNOUNCEMENT
= For TS2068 and SPECTRUM

NovelSoft

brings Artificial Intelligence
to the Timex/Sinclair

Introducing...

4. X%PERC

2xpert

ZXpert lets you explore the reasoning process of human experts.
With ZXpert you can create an Expert System on any topic you like!

* A useful and educational program * Includes 2068 & Spectrum versions

* Easy and fun to use * Supports Microdrives

* No programming language to learn * Two example knowledge bases

* On-line help * Superb Manual with Tutorial
plus...

Once you have developed a useful knowledge base, with your permission
NovelSoft will sell it and pay you a royalty!!!

Join the revolution with...ZXpert

NovelSoft

33 Skelton Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8V 3W3 * TEL. (416)259-8682 * CompuServe 70416,1435.

‘|

Fd

WEYMIL presents...

A. small coll

, innovative products for Sinclair compute

DOES YOUR TS2068 N
DRIV

SED A DISK

LET INTRODUC
LARKEN DISK SYSTEM

HE

The LARKEN DISK SYSTEM represents both the most flexible and
most cost effective method of adding a disk drive to your TS2068, The
system consists of the LKDOS-EXTENDED BASIC CARTRIDGE and
the LATEST 2068/SPECTRUM DISK INTERFACE. The cartridge has
the complete operating system (LKDOS) and 10 Extended Basic Com-
mands for Utilities, Scrolling Windows, and Graphics. It also uses all
of the keyboard commands such as FORMAT ERASE PRINT LOAD.
MERGE and more. Since the LKDOS is cartridge-based, your entire
‘system memory is at your disposal.

The LATEST 2068/SPECTRUM DISK INTERFACE will handle up to
FOUR drives. You can store up to 400K on a standard double-density,
double-sided floppy. That's 40K more than an IBM PC. It also sup:
ports single-sided and the new quad density drives as well. You have

the option of choosing either 5%" or the newer 3” drives. The inter-

nid

face includes a built-in Kempston Joystick port and a handy "snap:
shot” NMI pushbutton feature to save screens at any point. This is
an especially powerful feature for sraphics applications.

The LARKEN DISK SYSTEM is designed to give you full disk drive
power without draining your budget. <

$110.00
5,00

LARKEN DISK SYSTEM for the TS 2068 only
shipping and handling

<PLORE DESKTOP PUBLISHING!

STAN LEMKE'’S PIXEL PRINT

Stan Lemke has won criti ch Is one of N. Ame
finest software authors. His products have become sti
items in many ibraries. Stan bas worked hard to

bring the rapidly growing world of desktop publishing to the

SPECIAL DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Order both PIXEL PRINT and PIXEL SKETCH & GR:

EL PRINT will allow you to import te well as
graphics. alse has many fonts of ts ewn for you to use.
Yeu can import graphics from: most graphics software such
APIICS EDITOR OF ART WORN
Jow vou to import graphics trom
dl Designer.

professional FOSUTIS \s
1 CuLand-paste operati¢
You can format PIXE PRINT for a wide va of printers:
including, STAR, Mi ancl. PRO in addi NiO EPSON
compatibles. ‘Text and graphics can easily be moved with
one-pixel accuracy for precise placement,

OU

orwhatever.

H you produce a newsletter magazine, posters
PRINT will speed your
column oF 8" Dy cna novice can
asily Combine the features OF PINEL PRINT 10 produce
superior results, Fully documented, Let your imagination
soar with Stan Lemke's latest product

PIXEL PRINT for th
THE GRAPHICS CHAMPS!

THE SELLING GRAPHICS
PACKAGES FOR THE TS 2068

2068 only $20.00

PIXEL SKETCH & GRAPHICS EDITOR V20 is Stan Lemke’s original
graphics package. It has had excellent user group reviews and Is a
snap to use. Well written, step-by-step documentation guides you ef-
fortlessly from loading to producing your own “masterpiece.” Great
pixel and text placement control,

PIXEL SKETCH & GRAPHICS EDITOR V20 only $19.94

ARTWORK V1.1 establishes a new standard for color graphics with
features normally not found for small systems. Auto speed control,
pull down menus, cut and paste windows, ZOOM, and more.
Everything except text entry is joystick controlled. Excellent
documentation. So easy to use that many users never read the in-
structions.

ARTWORK V1.1 only $20.00

ACKAGE OFFER!
PHICS EDITOR

for only $ 34.95!
SAVE $ 5.00!

SPECIAL 0)

RI!

Save $5.00 when you order the combination of THRUST, RIGTER JOYSTICK INTERFACE, and KRUNCHER 1000
and pay only $ 64.95
SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS: Please enclose $2.00 shipping and handling with your order.

WEYMIL CORPORATION

BOx 5904

INGHAM,

WA 98227-5!

904